1.
3 major abuses: simony, napotism, investiture
2.
barons: leased land to knights who leased land to yeomen
3.
Cardinal Humbert: attacked the 3 abuses
4.
Carthusian Monks (1084): founded by St. Bruno
5.
castles: provided protection, placed by monastaries
6.
Charlemagnes Death: year 814
7.
christendom: as the west becomes the Catholic Church and the Catholic Church the West-they are one and the same
8.
Cistercian Monks (1098): Wore white robes, founded by St. Robert of Molesme
9.
Concordat of Worms: officially ends investiture controversy
10.
excommunication: the more severe form of censure from a pope or bishop stating that a person is cut from communion with the church because he is in a persistent state of mortal sin. Can't receive the sacraments.
11.
Francis II: Last Holy Roman Emperor in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars
12.
fuedalism: a form of government in medieval europe
13.
interdict: a census or prohibition that excludes the faithful from participation in certain holy things, that is, christian worship.
14.
investiture: direct appointment of popes, bishops, and abbots by secular rulers
15.
king: a warrior at center who gave grants of land
16.
Louis the Pious: Son of Charlemagne
17.
Monks of Cluny (910): lead the form movement and provided a model for other monasteries to follow
18.
Monks of Cluny founder: St. Berno
19.
napotism: the appointment of fmaily members to important positions of authority
20.
norsemen: vikings
21.
Otto the Great: first Holy Roman Emperor
22.
Ottonian Dynasty: replaces the carolingian dynasty
23.
Pope Innocent III: first pope to call himself the vicar of christ
24.
serfdom: a form of modified slavery
25.
serfs: at the bottom who worked on the lands
26.
simony: the selling of church offices by either secular or spiritual leaders
27.
St. Gregory known as: the father of canon law
28.
St. Gregory the 7th was also called what?: Hildebrand
29.
St. Odo: Berno's successor, greatly extended the influence of this movement
30.
to go to canossa: forgiveness
31.
Urban II: calls first crusade
32.
vassals: servants of their lord
33.
White robes symbolized: simple life