Respiratory Therapy CRT Exam questions
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is changed when a pat is on PV? | Change the set pressure increased or decreased to adjust Vt |
| What equation is used to reduce PaCo2 on a pat vented with VC ventilation when the rate is needing to be changed due to volume being high enough? | Desired F= known F X PaCo2/desired PaCo2 |
| What is the equation to find desired Vt in VC ventilation? | Desired Vt= known Paco2 X Known Vt/desired PaCo2 |
| What is increased to increase Vt with a PVC time cycled ventilation? | With pressure control ventilation PCV the set pressure is generally increased to obtain the targeted Vt. PCV is Time cycled If It is short increasing it will increase volume delivery without increasing pressure. |
| What do you change if Vt and pressure plateu are already high to improve PaCo2? | frequancy |
| What will need to be changed on a ventilated pat on VC and PV to decrease the PaCo2? | minute volume Ve |
| What are the causes of respiratory acidosis in a nonventilated patient? | pulmonary edema pneumonia asthma chest wall abnormalities neuromuscular disorders central nervous system problems |
| What two values are effected if patient has respiratory acidosis and Va is not adequante on volume ventilation and pressure ventilation? | PaCo2 elevated above >45mmhg and pH decreased <7.35 |
| What two things can be adusted when a patient is on PCV with respiratory acidosis? | Inspiratory time set pressure reaches alveolar level if this doesnt work set pressure increased to improve volume |
| What change in ventilation is made to ventilator to correct respiratory alkalosis or acidosis? | Vt or rate |
| What change is made right away when a patient is on mechanical ventilatio? | minute volume Ve |
| What should a therapist do if the heart rate increased during suctioning? | immediately stop suctioning and provide 100% O2 |
| For above the cuff suctioning, what pressure is left on to continuously suction? | 20mmHg |
| What is the correct size of catheter used to suction? | 1/2 the size of the ET tube. equation for a size 8 ET tube 3x8=24 24/2=12Fr Size 12Fr is used |
| A patient with CHF has what type of secretions? | Thin white or pink frothy secreations but won't block the airway |
| What is the normal ratio of Vd to Vt (Vd/Vt)? | 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Where does the contraction start of the ventricle? | Starts at Q |
| What is pip? | Peak inspiratory pressure, this is the peak at which the flow is given at an inspiration |
| What is SpO2?` | Saturation of O2 on the Hb |
| What is an HME? | artificial nose humidity, filter,warms |
| What is slope (aka rise)? | Inspiratory rise time, it slows or speeds the rate at which pressure and flow exit the ventilator for a specific period of time |
| What is trigger? | The sensativity set too low can also cause auto peep |
| What is FIO2? | % of O2 to improve Oxygenation. A way to measure O2 to the tissues. Check ABG's to keep PaO2 ath 60-90mmHg below 0.4 to 0.5 |
| What is minimal occluding volume? | volume of air measured to seal the cuff at 1 to 2% |
| What is minimal leak? | It allows a small amount of air to leak out of cuff |
| How do we check for the level of consciouness? | wake up the patient (if arousable) check for alertness, sleep, etc. |
| How does CPAP effect a patient on a ventilator? | It provides FiO2, inspiratory flow, peep, inflates alveoli |
| How is peep used to detect level of optimal peep? | static compliance, prevents atelectasis |
| What is plateau pressure | measures pressures needed to keep lungs extended less or equal to 35cmH2O |
| What wave does ventricular repolarization start? | T wave |
| What level is PIP set to on an alarm? | 10cmH2O above and below |
| What is Ve set to on an alarm? | low Ve= 10% below highVe= 10% above |
| What is the equation for MAP? | (PIPxIt) + (peepx Et)/total seconds |
| What is VC? | IRV, Vt, ERV |
| What is IC? | IRV, Vt |
| What is TLC? | IRV, Vt, ERV, RV |
| What is FRC? | ERV, RV |
| What is predicted FVC, FEV1, FEV1% for a restrictive patient? | <80% predicted FVC, normal or <80% predicted FEV1, > or equal to predicted FEV1% |
| What is predicted FVC, FEV1, FEV1% for obstructive patient? | normal or <80% predicted FVC, <80% predicted FEV1, <predicted FEV1% |
| What is a patients trigger, target and cycle? VC | trigger=time, target=flow, cycle=volume |
| What is a patients trigger, target, and cycle? VA | trigger=effort, target=flow, cycle=volume |
| What is a patients trigger, target, and cycle? PC | trigger=time, target=ins, cycle=time |
| What is a patients trigger, target, and cycle? PS | trigger=effort, target=ins, cycle=flow |
| What is a ptients trigger, target, and cycle? spontaneous | trigger=effort, target=ins, cycle=effort |
| What is one cuase of increased dead space? | pulmonary embolism or low cardiac output resulting in low pulmonary perfusion |
| What is the ABG values with mexed acid bases? | pH increased, PaCo2 increased, PaO2 increased, HcO3 increased |
| What are the two sure signs of metabolic acidosis on and ABG? | pH 7.45 to 7.70 and bicarbonate 26 to 48 |
| What are the causes of metabolic acidosis | ketoacidosis uremic acidosis (renal failure) diarrhea toxins ingested |
| What is decreased on VC when patient is breathing spontaneously? | switch ventilator to SIMV mode or PS could possibly sedate but a last resort if patient is anxious |
| On a PV what should be decreased to improve ventilation? | frequancy, and set the pressure second |
| To correct respiratory alkalosis in a vented patient, what should be decreased to correct ventilation on a VV vented patient? | frequancy first then Vt |
| What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis? | hypoxia with compensated hyperventilation pneumonia pulmonary edema medications mechanical ventilation central nervous system disorders anxiety metabolicd problems |
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