| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Nonmetal | When forming compounds, a(n) _______ frequently gains electrons and can also share its outer electrons with other atoms. |
| Periodic law | The ______ states that the properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers. |
| Lanthanoid series | The elements lanthanum through ytterbium are contained in the set of elements called the _______. |
| Triad | Johann Dobereiner called a group of three related elements a(n) _____. |
| Metalloid | An element called a(n) ______ has both metallic and nonmetallic properties. |
| Octet rule | The _____ states that an atom with eight electrons in its outer level is unreactive. |
| Actinoid series | The set of element called the _____ contains the elements actinium through nobelium. |
| Law of octaves | An arrangement of the elements suggested in the mid-nineteenth century that showed the repetition of similar properties at every eight element was the ______. |
| Metal | A(n) ____ is hard and shiny and conducts heat and electricity well. |
| Periodic table | The _____ shows the placement of elements with similar electron configurations in columns in order of their increasing principal quantum numbers. |
| Period | In the periodic table, all elements in a horizontal row are referred to as a(n) _______. |
| Group | In the periodic table, elements located in the same vertical column form a(n) ___, which is assigned a number from 1 to 18. |
| Transition element | In the periodic table, any element in columns 3 through 12 (IIIB-IIB) is called a(n) _______. |
| Family | Because elements in a group may have similar characteristics, another name for group is a(n) ________. |
| Ionization energy | The energy required to remove and electron from an atom |
| Electron affinity | The attraction of an atom for an additional electron |
| First ionization energy | The energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron in an atom |
| Noble gas configuration | When they have a(n) _______, ions have a stable, filled outer level |
| Shielding effect | Along with the increased distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus, the _______ of the inner electrons causes ionization energy to decrease going down a column of the periodic table |
| Atomic radius | The size of an atom is expressed in terms of _________ |
| Ionic radius | The size of an ion is expressed in terms of _______ |
| Ion | An atom that has gained or lost electrons to try to become more stable |
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