| Term | Definition |
| wall paintings | faded and crumbled |
| replacement of lintels with softwood | resulted in rotting, mould and termites |
| iron and concrete used for repairs | has rusted and caused collapse of structures |
| theft | frescoes stolen from walls of houses |
| vandalism | columns knocked over |
| sunlight | causes fading of frescoes |
| pollutants | acid rain, carbon particles and oil cause discolouration and corrosion |
| rains | penetrate inadequate roofs and cause damage |
| weeds like ivy | break up walls |
| bird excreta | damages mosaics and has corrosive effect |
| millions of tourists | confined to smaller and smaller areas |
| houses | only half of what were opened in the 1960's are open |
| street pavements | worn down by tourists exposing pipes |
| camera flashes | damage frescoes |
| rubbish | dumped and attracts mice who burrow |
| fragments of marble and pottery | collected as souvenirs |
| mafia | get building contracts and do inadequate restoration |
| high water table | at Herculaneum means there has to be constant pumping |