| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Due process of law | Denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty and property. |
| Equal protection of the laws | A standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government. |
| Selective incorporation | Court cases that apply Bill of RIghts to states. |
| Prior restraint | Censorship of publication. |
| Clear and present danger test | Law should not punich speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions. |
| Libel | Writing that falsly injures another person. |
| Symbolic speech | An act that conveys a political message. |
| Free exercise clause | First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion. |
| Establishment clause | First Amendment ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion." |
| Wall-of-separation | Court ruling that government cannot be involved with religion. |
| Exclusionary rule | Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial. |
| Search warrant | A judge's order authorizing a search. |
| Probable cause | Reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion. |
| Good-faith exception | An error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in a trial. |
| U.S. Patriot Act | Designed to increase federal powers to investigate terrorists. (Telephone taps, internet taps, voicemail, grand jury info, immigration, money laundering.) |
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