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Igneous hardened/cooled liquid rock Metamorphic rock changed by heat/pressure Sedimentary bits mashed together into rock Weathering breaking down of Earth's surface Erosion broken bits going bye bye Mechanical Weathering physical weathering (usually touch) Chemical Weathering weathering due to molecular change Lava liquid rock above surface Magma liquid rock below surface Crust topmost layer of Earth Mantle hot liquid layer below crust Oxidation rusting (for example) Permeable hole-y rock Soil weathered material (with water & air) Humus decayed waste from life Leaf Litter plant remains Decomposer living things that create humus Crop Rotation changing plants to help soil Conservation Plowing leaving dead plants to rot Abrasion rock grinds rock Sediment little bits of weathered rock Fossil evidence of past life Mold hollow space where life was Cast solid copy of a mold Trace Fossil fossil evidence of activity Paleontologist person who studies fossils Law of Superposition lower sedimentary rocks are older Extrusion hardened lava (formed on surface) Intrusion hardened magma (formed under surface) Fault crack in the crust Unconformity missing time in the rocks Oil compact energy from really-old-dead-stuff Limestone sedimentary rock made from shells