1.
Akan: are the largest ethnic group in Ghana
2.
amplitude: Maximum distance a wave causes the particles in a medium to move from the rest position, indicates the amount of energy being transferred
3.
asyad: jin is referred to this during a ceremony. Means "Master".
4.
bala: Xylophone-like idiophone of the Mande people of West Africa
5.
baladi: folk heritage (Egypt)
6.
beijing opera: Popular theatre of China that developed in the nineteenth century
7.
bodhran: irish handheld frame drum with a goat skin head.
8.
bollywood: Indian version of Hollywood (film industry), centered in Mumbai (formerly Bombay)
9.
cane dance: Popular women's dance form in which the dancer performs with a cane. Differenct variants found in raqs baladi, raqs sharqi, belly dance. Derives originally from the tahtib martial art of Saaid (Upper Egypt)
10.
ceili: Informal social gathering involving dancing, usually held at an Irish pub or dance hall.
11.
clave: rhythm and pattern associated with salsa music
12.
confucianism: The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.
13.
culture: the knowledge, beliefs, customs, and values of a group of people
14.
dap: A traditional Ulghur frame drum. Drum head is usually made of donkey hide or snake skin.
15.
denpasar: Capital city of Bali
16.
dispora: any group migration or flight from a country
17.
duff: tambourine, no jangles
18.
duration: The length of a tone
19.
ethnocentrism: Imposition of one set of culturally grounded perspectives, biases and assumptions on people and practices of other cultures.
20.
ethnomusicology: the study of a society's music in the terms of its cultural setting
21.
fieldwork: the study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places
22.
finger cymbals: a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance
23.
Fon: One of the major ethnic groups in the West African nation of Benin; Angelique Kidjo is of Fon heritage and many of her songs are in the Fon language (e.g., "Okan Bale")
24.
Frontomfrom: Akan royal drum ensemble featuring several drums and iron bell
25.
gamelan: a traditional Indonesian ensemble typically including many tuned percussion instruments including bamboo xylophones and wooden or bronze chimes and gongs
26.
gerak: Literally means "movement"; specifically in this text, refers to the choreographed movements performed by the musicians in beleganjur contests; associated with kreasi beleganjur.
27.
ghawazi: Specifically, a hereditary class of professional female dancers in Egypt; more broadly, a designation for all professional female dancers in Egypt and throughout the Middle East; term literally means "outsider" or "invader."
28.
great tradition: • Sectors of culture
• Codified or systematized by literate elite
• "official" version
• Sacred prayers, texts, liturgy, rituals, holy days
• Hebrew language
29.
griot: Covering a diverse range of African hereditary praise song/ music traditions, including that of the Mande jeli.
30.
guiro: a percussion instrument consisting of a notched gourd which is scraped by a stick
31.
heterophony: Music or musical TEXTURE in which a MELODY is performed by two or more parts simultaneously in more than one way, for example, one voice performing it simply, and the other with embellishments.
32.
HIP approach: human intention and perception
if it is intended as music it is music
if it perceived as music it is music
an approach to the study and exploration of world music (advocated in this text) that privileges inclusiveness over exclusiveness and emphasizes the idea that music is inseparable from the people who make it and experience it
33.
improvisation: new rhythms and melodies created during a performance
34.
Irish dispora: The dispersal of millions of people from Ireland to other countries.
35.
irish wooden flute: A relatively large and low pitched instrument with distinctive timbre that is a standard instrument in Irish traditional music.
36.
jeli: Members of hereditary musical lineages. They have the exclusive right to play the kora, koni and bala and either specialize in speech (historical or narrative), or song (melodies and lyrics)
37.
jeliya: The artistic culture of the jeli, including its praise songs and instrumental musical traditions.
38.
koni: banjo-like plucked chordophone of the mande
39.
Kora: string mande spike harp chordophone.
40.
koto: Japanese board zither chordophone with 13 strings
41.
kulit: Skin or Hide
42.
little tradition: ethnic practices including language and some cultural features of Jewish people
43.
mandarin chinese: the dialect of Chinese spoken in Beijing and adopted as the official language for all of China
44.
mande: a group of African languages in the Niger-Congo group spoken from Senegal east as far as the Ivory Coast
45.
matrilineal: relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother
46.
monophonic: designating sound transmission or recording or reproduction over a single channel
47.
mrdangam: Double-headed South Indian drum used in Karnatak music performance.
48.
ostinato: a musical phrase repeated over and over during a composition
49.
pan-irish: Pertaining to Irish identity and culture (including music) in Ireland itself, transnationally throughout the Irish diaspora, and worldwide across the expansive range of Irish and Irish diasporic influence.
50.
pipa: Pear shaped plucked chordophone with 4 strings. chinese instrument of central asian heritage.
51.
polyvocality: comprising "many voices"; in the chapter, relates to the conversational dimension of much Western African music, wherein many voices-vocal and/or instrumental- may speak and be heard all at once, expressing a unified diversity of views and perspectives.
52.
qin: Dynasty that came to power in China in 221 B.C. under which the first true empire of China was created
53.
reel: The most commonly used dance rhythm in Irish music.
54.
riqq: the Arab tambourine.
55.
rituals: concrete, visible actions that have a symbolic meaning for a group or community
56.
salsa: A type of dance music that emerged in the 1960s combining elements of Cuban dance styles with jazz, rock, and Puerto Rican music.
57.
sean nos: the "old way" songs, sung in Irish Gaelic; revered as the cornerstone of Irish Traditional Music
58.
session: Informal gathering where musicians playing different instruments come together to perform traditional Irish tunes and new tunes modeled after them, but not generally to accompany dancing.
59.
silk road: An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.
60.
sitar: a stringed instrument of India
61.
society: A group of persons regarded as forming a single community of related, interdependent individuals, defined largely by social institutions.
62.
sound frequency: the number of times a sound vibrates in a second
63.
syncopation: the accenting of musical beats not normally accented
64.
tabla: The principal percussion instrument in North Indian music
65.
tambura: chordophone used to provide drone in Indian music.
66.
tempo: (music) the speed at which a composition is to be played
67.
timbre: quality of a musical tone produced by a musical instrument (which distinguishes it from others of the same pitch)
68.
tinwhistle: Small, end-blown flute with six finger-holes used in Irish music. Usually made of metal (tin or other), but may alternately be made of wood or plastic. Also known as the pennywhistle.
69.
uillean pipes: irish version of the bagpipe
70.
vina: North Indian plucked chordophone instrument; one of the main melodic instruments in hindustani music
71.
wayang: traditional shadow puppet theatre
72.
yijing: designated emotional quality of a musical work. usually complex and multifaceted rather than simple and straightforward.
73.
zheng: Chinese board zither chordophone of ancient heritage.
