Renaissance and Reformation
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Humanism | an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classes. |
| Machiavelli | Italian statesman, political philosopher, and author. Italian political theorist whose book The Prince (1513) describes the achievement and maintenance of power by a determined ruler indifferent to moral considerations. |
| Leonardo de Vinci | was an Italian polymath, being a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer. |
| Raphael | Italian painter whose works, including religious subjects, portraits, and frescoes, exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance. |
| Michelangelo | Florentine sculptor and painter and architect; one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance (1475-1564) |
| Johan Gutenberg | was a German goldsmith and printer who is credited with being the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439, and the global inventor of the mechanical printing press. |
| Eramus | was a Dutch Renaissance humanist and Catholic Christian theologian |
| Jan van Eyck | Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting |
| Charles V | Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). |
| Protestantism | the religion of Protestants. |
| Martin Luther | German theologian and author: leader, in Germany, of the Protestant Reformation. |
| Justification | a reason, fact, circumstance, or explanation that justifies or defends |
| Indulgences | The act or an instance of indulging |
| The 95 Theses | These were Martin Luthers 95 rules/commandments |
| Priesthood of all believers | is a Christian doctrine believed to be derived from several passages of the New Testament. |
| Peace of Augsburg | was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes, on September 25, 1555, at the city of Augsburg in Bavaria, Germany. |
| Henry VIII | King of England (1509-1547) who succeeded his father, Henry VII. His divorce from Catherine of Aragon, his first wife, compelled him to break from the Catholic Church by the Act of Supremacy. |
| Anglican Church | the Church of England and those churches that are in communion with it and each other and that share essentially its doctrines and order, as the Church of Ireland, the Episcopal Church of Scotland, the Church of Wales, and the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S. |
| John Calvin | French theologian and reformer in Switzerland: leader in the Protestant Reformation. |
| Predestination | the doctrine that all events have been willed by God. |
| Anabaptists | A member of a radical movement of the 16th-century Reformation that viewed baptism solely as an external witness to a believer's conscious profession of faith, rejected infant baptism, and believed in the separation of church from state, in the shunning of nonbelievers, and in simplicity of life. |
| Puritans | A member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonie |
| Presbyterians | Of or relating to ecclesiastical government by presbyters |
| Catholic Reformation | denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years' War, |
| Council of Trent | was the 16th century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Considered to be one of the Church's most important councils, |
| Jesuits | A religious order of men in the Roman Catholic Church; its official name is the Society of Jesus. |
| Inquisition | a former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church (1232-1820) created to discover and suppress heresy |
| Index of Prohibited books | was a list of publications prohibited by the Roman Catholic Church. |
| Queen Elizabeth | was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. |
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