| Term | Definition |
| homeostasis | maintenance of relatively constant conditions inside the body |
| allostasis | values of physiological values can change as conditions change and are controlled around new values |
| negative feedback loop | a loop that makes its variables remain constant |
| controlled variable | variable that is regulated in a feedback loop |
| sensor | what senses the controlled variable |
| comparing unit | that which compares the output of the sensor to a set point |
| controller | that which changes the controlled variable so that it is equal to the set point |
| low-gain | negative feedback loops that can only weakly control value of controlled variable |
| high-gain | negative feedback loops that can very strongly control value of controlled variable |
| perturbation | a signal that is not part of the loop but affects some component in the loop |