4th Science - Energy, Motion, Machines
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Name the two types of energy | Potential and kinetic |
| Kinetic energy | The energy of motion |
| Conservation of energy | Energy can change form, but it can never be destroyed. |
| Force | The push or pull of one object on another |
| Work | A force applied to an object causing it to move |
| Potential energy | the energy associated with position or the arrangement of parts |
| Work always involves the transfer of ... | potential energy to kinetic energy |
| Energy when an object isn't moving is... | Potential energy. |
| Energy when an object is moving is... | Kinetic energy. |
| Motion | A change in position |
| Friction | the force that resists the movement of objects against each other |
| The amount of work you do depends on how much... | force you use to move an object. |
| The amount of work you do depends on how far... | you move something. |
| First law of motion | Objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion unless they are acted upon by an outside force. |
| Second law of motion | An object's ability to speed up is affected by its mass and the amount of force exerted on it. |
| Third law of motion | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| When a force is applied to something, it will push back with | an equal force. |
| Acceleration | to speed up |
| An object at rest will tend to... | stay at rest |
| Reaction | is something that can move an object or cause it to stop moving |
| Machine | something that makes work easier by changing the force you apply to do work |
| Simple Machine | machine with one kind of movement |
| Six kinds of simple machines: | lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw |
| What machines change: | the effort you have to put out. |
| Effort | the force that causes an object to move |
| Load | the weight of the object being moved |
| Three parts of a lever | effort, fulcrum, and load |
| First class lever | fulcrum is located between the effort and the load |
| Second class lever | load located between effort and fulcrum |
| Third class lever | effort between fulcrum and load |
| Wedge | inclined plane that moves |
| Pulley | Grooved wheel with a rope that fits in the groove. It helps lift heavy or large objects |
| Fixed pulley | attached to something and cannot move |
| Block and tackle | combines fixed pulley and movable pulley |
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