CH.23 PLANT STRUCTURE
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 root, stems, leaves | What are the organs of plant? |
| dermal, meristamatic, vascular, ground | What are the types of tissues? |
| cell types | epidermal, racheids, vessel elements, sieve tube elements, companion cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma. |
| Meristematic tissue | cells that have not yet become specialized for specific functions, such as transport., source of new growth, at edges of plant tips of roots. |
| Primary Growth; bud | type of plant growth that occurs at the tips of roots and shoots plants grow taller and deeper from tips, apical meristems=____ |
| Secondary Growth | vascular of cork cambium. |
| Dermal Tissue | the outer covering of the plant, the skin. protects the plant. |
| wax; lipid | The dermal tissue has ______ covering that is made from ______to prevent water loss. |
| epidermal cells | a single layer of dermal tissue with covers the outside of a plant. |
| vascular tissue | Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. the bloodstream. |
| xylem | transports water. |
| phloem | transports sugar and macromolecules that leave to other parts. |
| sieve tube elements | found in phloem; stacked end to end; have holes so materials can get in and out of the phloem |
| tracheids | long tubular cell peculiar to xylem |
| vessel elements | A specialized short, wide cell in angiosperms; arranged end to end, they form continuous tubes for water transport. |
| angiosperms | flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit. |
| ground tissue | tissue that does everything that the vascular, dermal and meristematic dont do. |
| parenchyma | A relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type |
| schlerenchyma | tissue consists of cells with highly thickened walls that are dead at maturity. It is generally found in the vasucular bundles of stems and as schlerids, individual bunches of cells that give pears and apple cores their gritty texture |
| collenchyma | type of ground tissue cell with a strong, flexible cell wall; helps support larger plants |
| roots | Absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Anchors plant in ground. |
| taproots | primary root found in some plants that grows longer and thicker than other roots. ex: carrots |
| fibrous roots | part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single root grows larger than the rest |
| outer epidermal layer | covered by tiny root hairs for more surface area and more absorption; greater area to bring in water and nutrients |
| active transport proteins | The outer epidermal layer contains______________in their cell membranes to pump mineral into plant. |
| large layer ground tissue; endodermis; Casparian Strips | spongy cortex; ____ encloses vascular tissue; cells are surrounded by ____________ |
| Casparian Strips | waterproof barriers that force water through cells not around; keep flow one way (b/c osmosis is always high to low). |
| Central Vascular Cylinder; xylem | water moves into the_______. This is called the _________. |
| up the stem; root pressure | In the central vascular cylinder, because thewater moves into the xylem; because it cannot go backward, the only place it can go is ___________; this is called___________. |
| stem | support; holds plant up to the sunlight; transports substance b/w roots and leaves. |
| Capillary action | water moves by cohesion from roots, 1 way. |
| in phloem; in two directions | Where are the nutrients transported to? |
| leaves | site of photosyntheis |
| epidermis | covered by cuticle; reduces evaporation |
| mesophyll | specialized ground tissue; lots of chloroplasts; where photosynthesis occurs; veins of xylem and phloem branch. |
| stomata | exterior openings on underside of leaf; site of gas exchange. |
| oxygen | out |
| carbon dioxide | in |
| water vapor | out (#3) |
| guard cells | surround and control stomata openings. |
| transpiration | water escapes through stomata; as water exits, more is drawn up through stem from roots |
| water loss | Stomata open and close to prevent excessive ___________. |
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