| Term | Definition |
|---|
| John C. Fremont | First nominee of the Republican Party in 1856, slogan was "Free men, Freedom, Fremont." He was a hero of the Mexican War. |
| Frederick Douglas | Slave, who escaped into freedom, became on eloquent spokesman for the antislavery movement. |
| Stephen Douglas | Called the "Little Giant," senator from Illinois who debated Lincoln, who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| Robert E. Lee | Commander of the army who captured John Brown at Harper's Ferry, Virginia and became well-known because of this incident. |
| Jefferson Davis | the first president of the Confederacy |
| Alexander Stephens | Jefferson Davis's vice president and was a eunuch |
| James Buchanan | President elected in 1856, called the "Do Nothing" president, usually ranks last in presidential polls |
| Lewis Cass | Senator from MIchigan, who proposed the idea of popular sovereignty |
| David Wilmot and the Wilmot Proviso | Representative from Pennsylvania, who proposed the Wilmot Proviso, which said that, the Mexican Cession would be closed to slavery. Did not pass. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom's Cabin | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin which was a book about how brutally slaves in the South were treated. Fueled the fires for the Civil War, and people who weren't against slavery became abolitionists, outsold the Bible. |
| Franklin Pierce | Elected president in 1852, dark-horse candidate, only son died right before he was inaugurated. Became an alcoholic. Not an effective president. |
| Dred Scott | Slave who was taken to Illinois by his master and lived there for 2 years. After his master died, sued for his freedom, all the way to Supreme Court. Supreme Court chief justice Rodney Taney did not give him his freedom because he was considered property and not a citizen, therefore he could not sue in court. |
| Election of 1848 | Lewis Cass ran for the Democrats, Zachary Taylor ran for the Whig, took no stand on slavery. Free Soilers nominated Martin Van Buren who believed in the Wilmot Proviso. Significance- first time the abolition of slavery was mentioned in the national election. |
| Harriet Tubman | Called the "Moses" of her people led 300 slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad |
| Slavery-Particularly Nat Turner's Rebellion, the Underground Railroad, and slave codes | Nat Turner was a slave in Virginia, in 1831 he led a revolt and 60 whites were killed, because of this the slave codes were tightened. The Underground Railroad was a series of safe house where slaves could stay on their journey to North, slave codes were established to keep slaves under control, like they had to have passes to go anywhere and they were allowed to read or write. |
| Compromise of 1850 | 1. Texas would come in as a slave state to balance California, which was a free so that there would be an equal number of slave and free states in the Senate. 2. The Fugitive Law was enforced. 3. Slave Trade was abolished in Washington D.C. 4. Land that was in dispute between Texas and New Mexico would go to New Mexico; Texas would get $10 million for this land. 5. Two new territories would be established in the Mexican Cession, one was Utah and one was New Mexico, popular sovereignty would decide if they were slave or free. |
| Henry Clay | Called the Great Compromiser, wrote the Compromise of 150, and the Missouri Compromise. Senator from Kentucky. |
| Compromise of 1820 | Maine comes in as a free state. Missouri comes in as a slave stat. Slavery would not be allowed north of the 36° 30° line in the Louisiana Territory (except for Missouri), Also called the Missouri Compromise. Kept the nation together. |
| Three parts of the Confederate Constitution | 1. They believed in the institution of slavery and it would not be abolished. 2. There would be no tariffs. 3. They believed in states' rights. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act/Bleeding Kansas | Stephen Douglas proposed, that the government organize lands north of the 36°30° line and make them Kansas-Nebraska territories so that railroads could be built. Popular Sovereignty would decide if they were slave or free. Nebraska became free, but there was a civil war in Kansas. 200 people were killed in Kansas over the issue of slavery. Two governments were formed, 1 pro-slavery, 1 against slaver. The important event was that John Brown killed 5 proslavery people at Pottawatomie Creek |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates | This was a series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas for the Senate seat in Illinois. They debated in 7 cities, mainly over the issue of slavery. The importance of this was that Lincoln became well-known. |
| John Brown's Raid and Harper's Ferry | He wanted to start a slave rebellion that swept through the south. In 1859 Brown, 13 whites and 5 blacks took over the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. Brown was caught and hanged. The north thought he was Christ like, and the south thought he was the devil. This further separated the north and south. |
| Moderate-Radical | Moderate wanted social change slowly and radical, like John Brown, wants social change immediately. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | A slave who escaped to the north, was required by law to be returned to his master. |
| Doughface and an Example | A northerner who was souther sympathies, example is James Buchanan. |
| Platform | Political party's beliefs and what it stands for. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The right of the people to vote for if they want slave or not in a territory. Proposed by Lewis Cass |
| Free Soil Party | They ran Martin Van Buren in the Election of 1848. They believed in no slavery in the Mexican Cession and free lands for homesteaders. |
| Confederacy | Loose league of states in which each in independent. |
| 1850 | California is admitted as a free state |
| 1852 | Uncle Tom's Cabin is published |
| 1860 | South Carolina Secedes from the Union |
| 1858 | Lincoln-Douglas Debates |
| 1854 | Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| 1857 | Dred Scott Case |
| 1859 | John Brown and Harper's Ferry, Virginia |
| Julia War Howe | Wrote the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" which became the anthem of the north during the Civil War, and she also worked for women's rights. |
| Daniel Webster | Senator from Massachusetts and he made eloquent speeches on behalf of the Compromise of 1850. He said "I wish to speak today, not as a Massachusetts man nor as a northern man but as an American. I speak today for the preservation of the Union, hear me for my cause." |
| Sumner-Brooks Affair | South Carolina Representative Preston Brooks attacked Charles Sumner with a cane in the Senate which left Sumner disabled for two years. Sumner made unkind remarks about the South and Brook's uncle in the Senate. The South supported Brooks by sending him hundreds of canes. This showed one more instance of the breaking down of relation between the North and the South. |
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