1.
630: Conquest of Mecca (year)
2.
632: Muhammad died (year)
3.
640: Taken Yarmuk from Byzantines (year)
4.
650: Defeated the Persians to the Sassanids (year)
5.
656: Election of Ali to caliphate (year)
6.
661: Assassination of Ali (year)
7.
680: Hussein was defeated (year)
8.
710: Muslim entry into Spain (year)
9.
717: Byzantines failed attack on Constantinople (year)
10.
725: All of Iberia was taken (year)
11.
750: Revolt by Abu at Abbus, descendent of Muhammad's uncle (year)
12.
786-809: Reignot Harun al-Rashid (year)
13.
843: What year was Iconoclasm abolished?
14.
1055: Capture of Baghdad by Seljuk Turks (year)
15.
1144: In what year did the four latin kingdoms fall to the Muslims during the second crusade?
16.
1192: What year was the peace agreement in which Christians could visit Jerusalem?
17.
Abbasid Rule: reduce distinction between arab and non-arab muslims; baghdad became new capital; golden age was under harun al-rashid; trade from europe, africa, india, and china.
18.
Abu Bakr: a leader after Muhammad's death; ordered the Qur'an to be written in Arabic
19.
Alexis I: Byzantine emperor who called on the pope for help against Muslim invaders, 1095.
20.
Allah: supreme Arabian God
21.
Arabian religion: polytheistic with supreme God; communal faith; each tribe possessed its own stone.
22.
Arabic: International language
23.
Arabic: only true form of Qur'an according to muslims
24.
astronomy: Muslims set up observatory at Baghdad and was aware that the earth was round.
25.
barbarians: Turks were thought of as ________, but their rule was not very hurtful.
26.
Bedouin: Where was poetry passed on from?
27.
Bedouins: nomadic people who came from the northern part of the peninsula. organized on tribal basis.
28.
Byzantine Empire: greek, christian state, artistic talent, importance of religion.
29.
caliph: successor
30.
civil war: Family rivalries brought ______ ______ to Baghdad, also corruption and moral decline.
31.
Code of law: first part of the Corpus Iuris Civilis (529)
32.
Constantinople: largest city in Europe during Middle Ages.
33.
Cordoba: 19th century mosque in Spain
34.
Council of Clairmont: In southern France in late 1095, the pope rallied christians together. Where?
35.
Crusader States: West had early success, and established _____ in Middle East
36.
Dervish: "poor in Persia" practiced sufism.
37.
Digest: a compendium of writings of Roman Jurists
38.
Diwan: council
39.
Dome of the Rock: Built in 691--> Jerusalem on Muhammad's holy rock; touches both western wall and oldest christian church.
40.
egalitarianism: Islamic society seemed natural and peacetime and had considerable _____.
41.
Emperor: Ruled the East Byzantine Empire; Iconoclasts
42.
Emperor Frederick: Who was the Bararossa of Germany?
43.
Europe: During the crusades, supplies came from where?
44.
False: True or false? Muslims could be enslaved.
45.
Hagia Sofia: Completed in 537--> consisted of four huge piers crowned by an enormous dome. Church of Holy Wisdom.
46.
hajj: go on a pilgrimage to mecca at least once in one's life, unless physically unable.
47.
Harem: forbidden is the male's presence in the females' quarters/area of home.
48.
Heigra: marks the first date on the official calendar of Islam
49.
Hippodrome: huge amphitheater constructed of brick covered by marble.
50.
house of wisdom: Arabic was stored in _____ __ ______ in Baghdad.
51.
Ibn Sina: compiled encyclopedia that emphasized contagious nature of diseases.
52.
Iconoclasm: Religious art did not include any physical representations of Muhammad. (EAST)
53.
imam: religious leader; comparable with priests/bishops of christianity.
54.
Institutes: A brief summary of chief principles of the law
55.
Jerusalem: The second crusade was a defense of where?
56.
Jihad: striving in the way of the Lord
57.
Justinian: Emperor who occupied Sicily, tried to take back city of Rome and had an empire including Italy, part of Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, Palestine and Syria.
58.
Ka'aba: in 630, Muhammad took a symbolic visit here to declare a sacred shrine of Islam and ordered destruction of idols of the traditional faith.
59.
King Phillip II: Who was known as the Augustus of France?
60.
King Richard: Who was known as the Lionhearted of England?
61.
King's crusade: the third crusade was also known as what?
62.
Leo III: In 730, who outlawed the use of Icons?
63.
less: Lots of social mobility as elite positions were taken _______ by inheritance.
64.
majils: bedouin council of elders
65.
Males: In Islamic society, who was more dominant, male or female?
66.
Math and Linguistics: What things were brought into the Islamic world from India?
67.
Mecca: leading city; attracted goods and ideas from Rome, Byzantium and Persia
68.
mihrab: decorated panel pointing to Mecca and representing Allah
69.
Mongols: from Gobi Desert to Egypt; not muslim and nomadic; treated conquered territories very harshly.
70.
Monotheism: belief in one God; islam relates to judaism and christianity because allah is all powerful being that created universe and everything in it.
71.
Mu'awiya: governer of Syria who replaced Ali, establishing the Umayyad dynasty.
72.
Muezzin: Calls faithful to prayer 5 times a day.
73.
Muhammad: born in mecca; orphaned; married rich widow, Khadija; angel Gabriel told him to preach the relations he would be given; became a prophet
74.
other islamic laws: no gambling, eating pork, or drinking any type of alcoholic beverage.
75.
Ottoman Turks: Who took over Constantinople in 1453?
76.
Paper: What was brought to Islamic World from China?
77.
political and religion: Arabs of the time did not differentiate ___ from ____.
78.
polygamy: What practice was permitted in Islamic society having to do with men and marriages?
79.
Pope: Ruled the West Byzantine Empire; Icons were okay.
80.
Pope Urban II: _______ heeded the call because he possibly wanted to regain influence in the east or put him in great power as a papal leader of such a force.
81.
Procopius: Court historian who wrote criticisms on Justinian
82.
qibla: Arabs prayed in open court; wall facing holy city of Mecca
83.
Qur'an: the holy book of islam; muslims regarded as greatest literary work
84.
Rugs: Women spin and weave this: muslims need to pray 5 times a day on clean ground.
85.
Sadi: Persian shakespeare
86.
Saladim: Which muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?
87.
Salat: pray five times each day
88.
Seljuk Turks: enemies of Islamic Empire, the Byzantines, and even west Europe
89.
Shari'a: Law code to provide believer with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives.
90.
Shehada: "there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet"
91.
sheikh: bedouin ruler
92.
Shiites: partisans of Ali
93.
silkworms: What was smuggled from China during the Byzantine Empire?
94.
siyam: fast from dawn to sunset during holy month of Ramadan.
95.
snow and peaches: When Richard fell ill, Saladin sent his personal physician with gifts of what?
96.
sufism: form of religious belief that called for mystical relationship between Allah and human beings.
97.
sultan: Seljuk Turks captured Baghdad in 1055 and took on title of ____ meaning holder of power.
98.
Sunni: orthodox- Umayyads
99.
True: True or false? Women were not allowed contact with men outside their family and the covering of body was very important.
100.
True: True or false? Women could own and inherit property.
101.
true: true or false? marriages were ideally arranged by parents.
102.
Turks: Who brought in abstraction in figurative and non-figurative designs?
103.
vizier: prime minister
104.
zakat: give alms to the poor, unless financially unable
