| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Lobby | To attempt to influence governmental decisions, especially legislation. |
| Interest Group | Seeks to influence public policy |
| Institutional Interests | Represent other organizations --- focused on $$$ issues vital to their clients. (i.e. American Cotton Manufactures) |
| Solidary Incentives | Join to gain companionship through meetings of small groups. |
| Material Incentives | Money and services are the focus of membership. (i.E. Farm Bureau) |
| Purposive Incentives | Appeal of the stated goals recruit members. |
| Ideological Interest Groups | Organizations that attract members by appealing to their interests (usually controversial.) |
| public interest Lobby | Purpose of the organization will principally benefit nonmembers |
| Social Movement | Widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order. |
| Interest Group Bias | Reflect an upper-class and business professional beliefs. |
| Value of Lobbyist Information | Most valuable when the issue is fairly narrow or involves a complex economic or technical problem. |
| Political Cue | Signal telling the official what values are at stake in an issue - who is for, who is against; |
| Insider Strategy | Lobbyists work closely with a few key members of Congress, meeting them in private to exchange information and sometimes favors. |
| Outsider Strategy | Public opinion polls, the Internet, Radio, TV are all used to get out the information |
| Grassroots Lobbying | Designed to generate public pressure directly on government officials. |
| Money and Interest Groups | Least effective way to advance a cause of an interest group. |
| Associated Press | Creation in 1848 allowed the telegraphic dissemination of information to newspaper editors on a systematic basis. Had to present the facts objectively to gain as many subscribers as possible |
| Muckrakers | Investigative reporters that exposed corporate and political corruption, as well as showed the ills of society. |
| Gatekeeper | Media can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long. |
| Scorekeeper | National media keeps track of and helps make political reputations, note who is being "mentioned" as a presidential candidate, and help decide who is winning and losing in DC politics. |
| Watchdog | The media have an instinctive and profitable need to investigate personalities and expose scandals. |
| NY Times v. Sullivan | Must provide evidence that is "clear and convincing" to prove that information was printed with reckless disregard for its truth and falsities. |
| Yates v. US | Your name and picture can be printed w/o your consent if they are part of a news story of some conceivable public interest. |
| Equal Time Rule | Sell time to one candidate, must sell equal time to opposing candidates. |
| Right of Reply Rule | If a person is attacked on a broadcast, other than in a regular news program, that person has the right to reply over that same station. |
| Political Editorializing Rule | If a broadcaster endorses a candidate, the opposing candidate has the right to reply. |
| Fairness Doctrine | Required broadcasters to give time to opposing views if they broadcast a program giving one side of a controversial issues. Abolished in 1987. |
| Selective Attention | Citizens see and hear only what he or she wants |
| Liberal Media | Journalists tend to be more liberal than the public, with the national media the most liberal. |
| News Sources | Americans get most of their news from television, not newspaper, and most regard TV as more reliable than the printed press. |
| attack ads | Negative campaigning may help a candidate to win, but only by turning other people against elections. |
| adversarial press | A press that is suspicious of officialdom and eager to break an embarrassing story that will win for its author honor, prestige, and $$$. |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace