| Term | Definition |
|---|
| ethnography | first hand, personal study of a local setting through feild work |
| why does feild work take so long? | because of language, holism, rapport, and culture shock |
| holism | problem-orienated research through a holistic perspective |
| rapport | close, trusting relationships, personal relations with informants |
| culture shock | a state of anxiety and fear from not knowing the rules of another culture |
| ethnography meathods | participant obsevation, rapport, genealogical method, life histories, emics&etics and interviewing |
| participant observation | a required method and is oxymoronic |
| genealogical method | studies kinship ties, such as decent family and marraige to understand social structure |
| life histories | are the personal narratives that focus on the individual within a culture |
| emics | is the "natives"point of view how they think and see the world |
| etics | is the anthropologist point of view of, how they see the world and how they think |
| informal interviewing | ethnographic, personal, semi-structured, total sampling, small populations, opportunistic, and individualistic |
| formal interviewing | survey, impersonal, structured, random sampling, large population, planned, generalizing |
| AAA Code of Ethics | informants come first Safety, dignity, and privacy. "Do not Harm" |
| informed consent | no secret research. people must be told about the purpose,nature, and procedures of the research. people must be told of the potential cost and benefits |
| Field site Integrity | "Anthropological researchers should do all they can to preserve opportunities for future fieldworkers to follow them to the field" |
| Holistic understanding of cultural universals | subsistence, economics, social organization, polities |
| subsistence | when human obtain resourses necessary for survival |
| types of subsistence | foraging, pastorialism, cultivation:horticulture & agriculture |
| foraging | a reliance on non-domesticated plants and animals to meet humans subsistence needs. |
| domestication | is human intervention into the reproductive behaviors of plants animals to meet human subsistance needs. started 10,000 years ago. |
| Forager Bands | always organizing. smallest type of socieity. up to 60 people |
| nomadicism | to move about on the landscape in search of resourses, Seasonal rounds |
| kinship | when people become family though ritual and ceremony |
| seasonal rounds | to go back to the same place season after seasons |
| fictive kinship | creates and promotes support |
| wealth | the ability to control resources |
| prestige | social respect |
| authority | the right to wield power |
| power | the ability to control the behavior of others |
| status | social position relative to other in the society |
| Generalized reciprocity | to give with no expectation of a return ex.sharing |
| two types of generalized reciprocity | insulting the meat, arrow exchange |
| egaliterianism | equal access to the resources necessary for survival |
| consultants | experts in their own culture |
| key informants | people you get alot of info from |
| informants | people you get info from |
| pastoralism | a reliance on domesticated animals as the primary means of subsistence |
| agro-pastoralism | combined herding and growing of crops EX. the Sherpa |
| tribes | universal to all pastorialist |
| pastorialist tribes | made up of 2 or more patrilineages |
| patrilineages | decent group traced through the fathers line only |
| matrilineal | decent group traced through the mothers line only |
| bilateral | decent group traced through both parents |
| sedentism | to live in one place |
| horticulture | NO PRIVATE PROPERTY: land is shared |
| balanced reciprocity | to give with an expectation of equal return |
| mariage | regulates sexual behavior, creates political and economic and political alliences, and establishes a social unit for enculturation |
| two basic rules of marriage | exogamy and endogamy |
| exogamy | the practice of seeking a spouse outside one's own group |
| endogamy | practice of seeking a spouse within one's own group |
| arranged marriage | is when marriage partners are selected by the social/kin groups to promote social alliences |
| love marriage | involves individuals selecting thier partners on the basis of feelings and prefrences |
| universal | marraige exchange and marriage residence is.... |
| bridewealth | wealth given from husbands kin to the wife's family |
| bride service | groom must work for the brides family |
| dowry | wife's kin group provides substantial wealth to the husbands family |
| virilocality | live with the grooms family |
| uxorilocality | lives with the brides family |
| ambilocality | no clear rules |
| neolocality | new and seperate residence |
| types of marriage | plural and monogamy |
| types of plural marriage | polyandy, polygyny |
| plural marriage | to have more than one spouse |
| monogamy | to have one spouse |
| polygyny | to have multiple wives |
| polyandry | to have more than one husband |
| bilateral descent | trace through both mother and father line |
| unilateral descent | trace throgh one side, mother or father |
Combine with other sets
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