| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the constitution |
| civil liberties | the guarantees of the safety if persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary of government , including freedom of speech and freedom of religion |
| civil rights | a term used for those those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people |
| alien | foreign-born resident, or non citizen |
| Due Process Clause | part of the 14th amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people |
| process of incorporation | the process of incorporating , or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th amendment's Due Process Clause |
| Establishment Clause | separates church and state |
| parochial | church-related, as in a parochial school |
| Free Exercise Clause | the second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person to right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion |
| libel | false and malicious use of printed words |
| slander | false and malicious use of spoken words |
| sedition | the crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force, of to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts |
| seditious speech | the advocating , or urging, of an attempt to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities with violence |
| prior restraint | the government cannot curb ideas before they are express |
| shield law | a law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceeding |
| symbolic speech | expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band |
| picketing | patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike |
| assemble | to gather with one another in order to express views on public matters |
| content neutral | the government may not regulate assemblies on the basic on what might be said |
| right of association | the right to associate with others to promote political , economic and other social causes |
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