| Term | Definition |
|---|
| The ability to diffuse across a membrane... | Depends on the size/type of the molecule and of the chemical nature of the membrane. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across the cell membrane. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Concentration Gradient | The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space. |
| What is diffusion driven by | Kinetic Energy and the Molecules Posses |
| In the absence of other influences diffusion will eventually cause... | the concentration of molecules to be the same throughout the space they occupy. |
| Equilibrium | The concentration of molecules are the same throughout the space they occupy. |
| A solution is composed of... | a solute and a solvent. |
| Osmosis | The process in which water molecules move through an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. |
| Water moves... | Down its concentration gradient. |
| Osmosis does not require | Cells to expend energy. |
| The net direction of osmosis depends on... | The relative concentration of solutes on two sides of the membrane. |
| The net movement of water into the cell | Hypotonic |
| Hypertonic | Solution outside of the cell has more solute than the solution inside |
| Hypotonic | Solution outside the cell has less solute than the solution inside of the cell |
| Isotonic | Concentration of the solution is equal inside and outside the cell |
| Three types of Passive Transport | Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated Diffusion |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Uses carrier proteins to move molecules that cannot fit through the lipid bilaryer into/out of the cell. |
| First step of Fac. Diffusion | 1. Carrier protiens bond to the molecule. |
| Second step of Fac. Diffusion | 2. Carrier protein changes shape. |
| Third step of Fac. Diffusion | 3. Molecule is moved across the membrane. |
| No energy is need in... | Facilitated Diffusion. |
| Facilitated Diffusion works in what directions | Both directions |
| Each carrier protein transports... | A specific molecule. |
| Ion Channel | Protiens in which ions diffuse |
| Ion Channels can either be... | Open or Gated |
| Gated Protiens are gated because of | Electrical Signs, Stretching of the Membrane, or Enviormental Factors. |
| Cytolysis | The bursting of cells |
| Carrier Protiens | Specific protiens in the membrane that are used for active transport. |
| Contractile Vacuoles | Organelles that remove water. |
| Which organish has a contractile vacuole | The paramecia |
| Turger Pressure | The pressure water molecules exert against the cell wall. |
| Plasmolysis | When cells shrink a way from the cell wall and turgor pressure is lost |
| An example of facilitated diffusion | Glucose |
| Active Transport | Cells that must move materials up thier concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to high concentration. |
| In active transport... | Energy is need |
| Active Transport is... | Against concentration gradient from low to high concentration. |
| An example of Active Transport | Sodium Potassium Pump |
| Sodium Potassium Pump moves... | three Na+ out of the cell and moves two K+ into the cell. |
| Endocytosis | The process by which cells engulf external fluids or macromolecules and bring them into the cell in a vesicle. |
| Two types of Endocytosis | Pinocytosis and Phagoctosis |
| Pinocytosis includes ... | fluids and solutes |
| Phagocytosis includes... | solids |
| Endo and exocytosis are used to transport what | Large quantities of small molecules into or out of cells at a single time. |
| What is a vesicle | A pounch that pinches off the cell membrane and becomes a membrane bound organelle. |
| Phagocytes | Cells that allow the lyosomes to fuse with the vesicles that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses. |
| What is a vesicle | A pounch that pinches off the cell membrane and becomes a membrane bound organelle. |
| Phagocytes | Cells that allow the lyosomes to fuse with the vesicles that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses. |
| What is a vesicle | A pounch that pinches off the cell membrane and becomes a membrane bound organelle. |
| Phagocytes | Cells that allow the lyosomes to fuse with the vesicles that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses. |
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