| Term | Definition |
|---|
| regressive | _______ evolution, theory for origin of virus - viruses came from free-living bacteria that had resided in eukaryotic cells, degenerated to viruses |
| cellular | ______ origins, theory for origin of virus - "escaped gene sets" encoding enough for self-replication |
| independent | ______ entities, theory for origin of virus - evolved as self-replicating molecules |
| living | a _____ thing is said to: 1) Grow 2) Reproduce 3) Homeostasis 4) Adapt 5) Metabolize |
| virus | a _____ is said to be closely related to plasmids, transposons, because they are all selfish gene components |
| are not | mice ____ (are / are not) susceptible to poliovirus |
| can | mice ____ (can / cannot) be permissive to poliovirus |
| DNA | cell RNA polymerase makes RNA using ___ template |
| DS | HAP binds with __ |
| early | RDRP, Vpg, and proteases are important _____ (early/late) in the Poliovirus life cycle |
| Polio | the ____ virus is very difficult to inactivate with disinfectants (survives in pool water) |
| IPV | if you only get ___, you may get infected with poliovirus and become a carrier |
| OPV | if you only get ___, virus may revert back to its virulent form |
| Golgi | the 1918 bird flu, the 1st modification of HA happens in the ____ by Furin enzyme |
| complete | with increased concentration of NP, Influenza virus begins to make ____ + RNA |
| nucleus | Influenza progeny assembly begins in the ______ |
| NP | in Influenza, __ is the molecular address |
| segments | for an influenza virus to be infectious, it must have one copy of each of the ______ |
| diagnosis | ____ of influenza involves 1) Viral culture 2) Serology 3) Rapid antigen testing 4) PCR 5) Immunofluorescence assays |
| asymptomatic | ducks and other water birds are __________ reservoirs for influenza viruses |
| reduces | NA inhibitors ______ the flu duration, but doesn't prevent it |
| env | once the HIV genome is integrated into the host's, the ___ gene is spliced |
| HIV | the ___ virus mRNA has a 5' cap and a poly A tail, but it has many genes and ribosomes cannot assemble in the middle of mRNA |
| env | ___ gene is translated on the rough ER |
| Western blot | separates HIV proteins by size - can see exactly what Ab are binding to |
| be no | on a Western blot, if patient has no Ab to HIV, there will ____ (be/ be no) bands showing at the site where HIV proteins are |
| Abs | a positive test for a Western blot - ___ to Gag Pol and Env gene products |
| positive | false ____ - test reports as if person is infected with HIV, but they are not (Ab reacting with other components, epitope on HIV found on other pathogens) |
| negative | false ____ - test reports as if person is not infected, but in fact they are ( window period - not yet making Ab, genetic condition - person doesn't make Ab) |
| NAT | RT-PCR detection of a conserved sequence in gag gene |
| HAART | treatment with 3 or more antiviral medications. goal - suppress plasma HIV RNA level to less than 50 copies/mL |
| HAART | _____ effects on immune response: 1)^CD4 2) ^ memory/naive CD4/CD8 cells 3)v cell activation markers 4) Normalize distortions of CD4 repertoire. No effect on HIV-specific immunity |
| fat | protease inhibitor may cause redistribution of body ___ |
| antiviral | problems for ____ drugs : 1) variation in RT 2) variation in protease |
| vaccine | problems for _______ design 1) variation in gp120 2) lack of animal model 3) immune responses don't eliminate virus 4) attenuated - potential for reversion 5) inactivation - denatures gp120 |
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