Industrialization
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Created by:
slsgymnastics on December 12, 2011
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Laissez-faire capitalism | hands off govt. has little involvement in economy |
| Finance capitalism | banks start to buy up so many shares of company so that they own it J.P. Morgan |
| Presidents before 1900s | hands off (not active) Hayes (end of reconstruction) Garfield Cleveland McKinley, etc. Congress known as stronger branch and was influenced by the rich and big businesses |
| Presidents after 1900s | Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson (progressives) |
| Roosevelt | Hepburn Act Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Forest Conservation Trustbuster for what businesses he thought were bad for economy |
| Taft | Mann Act Mann-Elkins Act Trustbuster (more of one that Roosevelt) |
| Wilson | Trustbuster Federal Reserve Act Keating-Owen Act Federal Trade Commission: look into when companies merge and if they will create a monopoly; if they're going to, they can't merge |
| Immigration | more people coming over to take lower-paying factory jobs Polish: Catholics, so many Protestant Americans were concerned they would only listen to the Pope Italians: same as Poles Czechs Russians (South/East Europeans) different language not accepted didn't understand democracy taken advantage of by Political bosses Old before 1890, came from northwestern European countries: England Ireland Germany came for economic reasons not that many of them new immigrants from different parts of the world looked and spoke differently had different cultures and reasons for coming caused a big clash in America competition emerges for jobs lead to a rise in urban problems starts up the industrial revolution creates competition for jobs |
| Industrial leaders are... | JP Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, JD Rockefeller |
| JP Morgan | big banker, used money to buy businesses (finance capitalism) |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel, Vertical integration b/c company controlled more than one stage in production of an item, bought railroads to transport steel, owned factories, iron mines, sold steel for cheaper, financed public libraries b/c believed "Gospel of Wealth"- should give back to community and not die rich |
| JD Rockefeller | oil, Horizontal integration benefits used by asking for rebates or threatened not to use railway, dominates refining part of oil industry and outcompeted everyone else, cheaper, standard oil |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act | banned all monopolies, used to say that unions were a monopoly so not allowed |
| Interstate Commerce Act | required railways to charge reasonable fee- no discrimination of fees |
| Haymarket Riot | support strikers for 8 hour workdays, violence broke out after bomb thrown and set back AF of L for shorter workdays, also was the end of Knights of Labor b/c they organized it and so were blamed for causing riot |
| Knights of Labor | first major national labor union in US, wanted 8 hour workdays and equal pay for all, end child and convict labor, unite all workers; skilled and unskilled, women and blacks, Chinese Exclusion Act- didn't like immigrants |
| Leader of Knights of Labor | Terrance Powderly |
| American Federation of Labor | better wages for particular skills, hours, and conditions, walkouts, unions, and strikes, only for skilled workers, became most powerful union- not focused on changing whole system, but for own workers |
| leader of AF of L | Samuel Gompers |
| Homestead Strike | Carnegie steel plant, AF of L tries to fight for better hours and wages so Carnegie has lockout and hired replacement workers- done by Frick, Carnegie's manager, also hired Pinkerton workers to keep them away, they fight and state troops end fight |
| leader of ARU | Eugene Debs (most radical) |
| Eugene Debs | helped organize Pullman Strike by boycotting Pullman cars-didn't work on any of those cars on railways Joined socialist party Arrested for speaking out against the war |
| Pullman Strike | workers on strike,lockouts, because wages were cut- Feds came in to break up strike because no mail was getting through |
| Social Darwinism | associated with laissez faire capitalism- the strong and powerful are meant to thrive, don't help poor because just have more poor kids and continues cycle |
| Muckrakers | investigative journalism that brought about reforms: Riis, Sinclair, Steffens, Tarbell |
| Jacob Riis | took photos and wrote about poverty in NYC- endorsed tenements, How the Other Half Lives |
| Upton Sinclair | "The Jungle" |
| Lincoln Steffens | part of muckraking trio, published articles criticizing political corruption, editor of McClure's Magazine, Shame of the Cities |
| Ida Tarbell | muckraking trio, investigative journalism about big monopolies, wrote History of the Standard Oil Company |
| Progressive Presidents | Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson |
| Pragmatism | test something out, if it works keep it and if not, don't, progressives liked this for reforms |
| William James | doctor, psychiatrist, wrote many books about pragmatism, wanted the practice of this |
| John Dewey | hands-on education and social reform, progressive leader |
| Populist Party | group of farmers in midwest wanting changes in govt. |
| Omaha Platform | when populists met in 1892- want more of a people say in government- secret ballot, no political boss influence, silver coined for more money in money supply, want inflation, want govt. to control railroads, telephones, didn't get silver or inflation, direct election of US senators, tried to attract lower class with 8 hour work days- didn't work, graduated income tax- taxes based on property and tariffs |
| James B. Weaver | helped form party, presidential nominee for Populists twice, once in 1892 |
| William Jennings Bryan | Secretary of State under Wilson, populist- wanted to add silver to money, ran for president in 1896, gave Cross of Gold speech about adding silver to money system |
| Trust-buster | Roosevelt known as this, but really Taft and Wilson did more |
| Hepburn Act | allowed ICC to set maximum railroad rates |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | outlawed false advertising and required honest labeling |
| Federal Trade Commission | promote consumer protection and eliminate monopolies, same time as Clayton Anti-trust act, investigated if mergers created monopolies- Wilson |
| Clayton Anti-trust Act | strengthen first act against monopolies, strikes and unions not treated as a monopoly- Wilson |
| Federal Reserve Act | set up central US banking system, gave legal authority to issue money- banks borrowed money |
| Robert LaFollette | "Fighting Bob"- Wisconsin governor |
| Wisconsin Idea | direct primary- elect Republicans running against, commissions regulate railroads, curb excessive lobbying, conserve natural resources, "Laboratory of Democracy"- one of earliest progressives |
| City Government reforms | some progressives wanted reform with political bosses, corruption and underhand deals, said to change city govt. form so there is a city manager not elected by people but appointed by council |
| City manager | appointed position not directly elected to get rid of political bosses |
| Commissioners Plan | several people in charge of different areas in the city, spread power so not influenced by political bosses |
| Settlement House movement | make immigrants like Americans- Whole houses, taught them English and found them jobs |
| Jane Addams | teach immigrants about democracy and importance of voting, also not to follow political bosses |
| Presidential and Congressional relations | at first the rich in Congress controlled govt., but during Progressive era they were more hands on |
| Supreme Court and 14th Amendement Interpretations | when overthrows NY |
| Baker's law | said they have right to own property, so overthrew pieces of legislation |
| Munn vs. Illinois | allow states to regulate businesses within borders |
| Lochner vs. New York | held "liberty of contract", said that states couldn't decide number of hours for someone to work |
| Muller vs. Oregon | Oregon made law saying women couldn't work more than 10 hours in a factory- not against constitution |
| Progressive Movement | laissez faire, help the majority of people |
| Leaders of progressive movement | Roosevelt, Fighting Bob |
| Goals of progressive movement | put power into hands of the people |
| Local reforms | city commissioners and managers |
| State reforms | 17th Amendment, initiative-voters propose legislation through petitions to go on ballot, referendum- gave voters power to take vote about bill on ballot to remove it, recall- allow voters remove elected official |
| Federal reforms | consumer protection, food and buildings safer, fair railroads and better working conditions |
| progressive constitutional amendments | 16th-income tax, 17th-direct election of US senators, 18th-prohibition of alcohol and 19th-women's suffrage |
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