Military History Final: Battles Pt II
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The Peace of Amiens is broken | 1805 by the Third Coalition when it declares war on France |
| Battle of Cape Finisterre | 22 July 1805. British (under Calder) v. France (under Villeneuve). Calder drives off French fleet |
| Villeneuve sails back to Cadiz | 11 August 1805 |
| The three army corps waiting in Boulogne to cross the English Channel give up waiting and march off to fight in Germany | 26 August 1805 |
| Nelson returns to England after two year at sea | August 1805 |
| French-Spanish fleet at Cadiz | 2 September 1805 |
| Nelson sets sail for Cadiz | 15 September 1805 |
| Nelson sends ships for supplies | 2 October 1805 |
| Rosily to replace Villeneuve | 18 October 1805 |
| Battle of Trafalgar | 21 October 1805 Nelson (Britain) v Villeneuve (France). Britain wins but Nelson dies |
| Napolean declares France an empire | 28 May 1804 |
| Napoleon crowned emperor | 2 December 1804 at Notre Dame |
| Napoleon has conquered or allied himself with every major continental European power | November 1806 |
| Berlin Decree | November 1806 embargo on Britain. This was the beginning of the Continental System. |
| Milan Decree | 1807, reinforced Continental System and embargo on Britain |
| Orders in Council | 1807, British prohibit allies from trading with France |
| Embargo Act | 1807, US stopped all foreign trade, trying to remain neutral. Led to the War of 1812 with England |
| Napoleon tries to take control of Portuguese ports | 1807, because Portugal refused to participate in Continental System. The king fled and the Portuguese rose up in revolt, supported by a British army under Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, beginning the Peninsular War in 1808 |
| Peninsular War | began in 1808 lasted until 1814 with Napoleon's defeat, UK, Spain, and Portugal v. Napoleon |
| Russia leaves Continental System | 1812, led to France invading Russia |
| Napolean invades Russian Poland | 23 June 1812. Barclay de Tolly (Russia) keeps retreating, not wanting to fight France yet |
| Number of Napoleon's men during Polish invasion | Largest army ever: 771,500 men. |
| Battle of Smolensk | 16-17 August 1812, 175,000 French attempt to circle behind the Russian army as it retreats, attack the city of Smolensk, which has been unexpectedly reinforced by Bagration with 130,000 men. France burned the city down and Russians evacuated |
| Kutuzov is appointed | 17 August 1812, continues to fall back |
| Kutuzov finds a strong defensive position at the village of Borodino, on the road to Moscow, and begins digging earthworks | 3 September 1812 |
| Battle of Borodino | 7 September 1812, Frances last offensive in Russia. Russia withdrew, saving its strength for later when it would force France out |
| Moscow is captured | 14 September 1812 |
| Battle of Maloyaroslavets | 24 October 1812 Kutuzov successfully blocks the southern route of retreat for Napoleon. French army has to march back same way they came, a path now scorched |
| Berezina river | 26-29 November 1812, French are crossing when Kutuzov attacks |
| French Grand Army leaves Russian territory | 14 December 1812 with only 22,000 men. Napolean rushed back to France earlier in December when he heard of an attempted coup d'etat. |
| Napoleon goes on the offensive in Germany | 1813, trying to regain prestige and get Prussia back as an ally, but fails to capture Berlin |
| Prussia declares war on France (Napoleon) | March 1813, Napolean manages to defeat the allied Prussian and Russians at the Battles of Lutzen and Bautzen. Negotiations mediated by Austria break down over the summer, and by the end of the summer Napolean faces Austria, Prussia and Russia, all of them subsidized by England |
| Battle of Lutzen | 1813, France beats Prussia and Russia |
| Battle of Bautzen | 1813, France beats Prussia and Russia |
| Battle of Dresden | 26-27 August 1813, France beats Austria Prussia and Russia |
| Battles of Gross Beeren, Katzbach and Kulm | end of August 1813, Napoleon loses to Austria Prussia and Russia |
| Battle of Leipzig | 14-19 October 1813 (aka Battle of the Nations, and Battle of the Three Emperors), Napoleon v. Austria Prussia and Russia. France loses |
| Coalition army under Blucher invades France | 1 January 1814 |
| Battle of La Rothiere | January 1814, Blucher beats Napoleon on French soil |
| Napoleon surrenders | 11 April 1814. Exiled to Elba and monarchy is restored |
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