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Climate average weather of a place (ex. average temperatures and average number of severe weather events) Weather current conditions, temperature, cloud cover, and precipitation Precipitation rain or snowfall Ecosystem all the natural components Biome a broad ecological community defined by a particular vegetation type which is typically determined by climate Solstice longest/shortest daylight Forest communities dominated by trees and other woody plants Grassland few shrubs or trees, precipitation amounts too low to support them Deserts areas with less than 20 inches of rain per year Tundra low growing, ground-hugging plants Permafrost icy blocks of gravel and finer soil material (tundra) Three forest categories tropical forest, temperate forest, boreal forest Tropical forest low nutrients in the soil, all on top, quick reinvestment, high diversity, slash and burn for agricultural land is less effective Temperate forest seasonal change, large broadleaf dominant Boreal forest dominated by conifers, short growing season Equinox most focused beam of light Forests occupy about 1/3 of earths surface, account for 70% of earths biomass, need the most water