Psychology Test #2
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Motivation | a need or desire that energies and directs behavior |
| Drive Reduction Theory | physiological need arouses -> organism acts to reduce need (maintaining homeostasis) |
| Where we learn taste preferences | Parents, Previous Experiences |
| Galef | Social transition of taste preference |
| Thirst | Triggered by low levels of water |
| Two types of thirst | Hypovolemic Thirst & Osmotic Thirst |
| Hypovolemic Thirst | Crave slightly salty water and loss of blood volume |
| Loss of blood -> loss of sodium -> sodium-specific need | Hypovolemic Thirst |
| Osmotic Pressure | Water crosses semipermeable membrane |
| Thirst is determined by what to organs? | Stomach and Throat |
| Hunger | A set point. A Basic metabolic rate is maintained. |
| Hypothalamus | 4 F's |
| James-Lange Theory | As a response to experience in the world, the autonomic nervous system creates physiological events such muscular tension, a rise in heart rate, perspiration, and dryness of the mouth |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | One must be (1) physically aroused and (2) able to cognitively label the arousal t |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System (Activator/Calmer) |
| Water Intoxication | Hypohydration |
| Over consumption of water in a short period of time causes imbalance in... | sodium and potassium (hyponatremia) |
| Water Poisoning | Cells can't withstand the pressure and begin to die |
| Kwashiorkor "Disease of the Displaced Child" | inadequate protein intake when total calorie intake is good |
| Polygraph | Measures the ANS's reaction to various questions |
| Ekman & his faces | Trains police to recognize different emotions to detect lies |
| Nonverbal Communication | Facial expressions give us away Smile vs. Smile |
| Amygdala Problems | Discovery through experimenting |
| Kluver-Buoy Syndrome | Has been caused by bilateral lesions to the amygdala (calcification in humans) |
| Causes over reaction to all objects, hypoemotional, loss of fear, hypersexualiy, hyperorality | Kluver-Buoy Syndrome |
| Orbitofrontal cortex | Iowa Gambling Task |
| Androgens | includes testosterone and several other male hormones |
| Estrogens | includes Estradiol and other female hormones |
| Progesterone | Predominantly female hormone that prepares the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum. Also, promoted the maintenance of pregnancy |
| Mullerian ducts | Precursor to female reproductive system |
| Wolffian ducts | Precursor to male reproductive system |
| Sex is determined by what? | The SRY Gene |
| If the SRY is present... | Male Embryonic development |
| Developing testes produce... | testosterone and androgen |
| Testosterone causes Wolffian ducts to become... | seminal vesicles |
| Sexually dimorphic Nucleus (SDN) | Larger in males than females |
| Female hypothalamus | generates a cyclic pattern of hormone release |
| Hypothalamus and pituitary glands interact to create... | menstrual cycles |
| Two areas that receive the greatest stimulation by sex hormones | Medical preoptic area and Ventromedial nucleus |
| Everitt and Stacey | Lesioned the MPOA in rats |
| Forefather of Stress | Walter Cannon (1929) |
| Dr. Hans Selye | General adaptation syndrome |
| General adaptation syndrome | 1. Alarm, 2. Resistance, 3. Exhaustion |
| Stress | affects humans and animals differently |
| Body's reaction to acute stress | by secreting inhibiting hormones and various parts of your Nervous System help you deal with stressor and return to normal |
| When stress the body disables... | digestion, growth hormone, ovulation and sperm production, immune system, and pain |
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