Speech Exam
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Created by:
enrique_sexypants on December 13, 2011
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100 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Perception | the process of noticing, organizing, and interpreting data about people, events, activities, and situations |
| Mindfulness | paying close attention to the task at hand |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | occurs when you make assumptions about yourself or another person and then behave as if the asumptions were true |
| linguistic tyranny | occurs when people use one set of words that have a certain value or connotation to describe and control the outcome of a situtation, instead of playing with different words to describe the situation. |
| schema | framework that helps people organize and place their info into a coherent and meaningful pattern |
| prototype | best example of some concept |
| stereotypes | schemas that connect a variety of characteristics we believe to be true of a category to a given person or situation we see as a member of example of that category. |
| allness | the conclusion that what we believe to be true of one part of the whole |
| script | expected sequnce of events that is coherent to the indiviual |
| Implict personality theory | suggests that we use one or a few personality traits to draw inferences about what people are like |
| first impression bias | means that our fist impression sets the mold by which later infomation we gather about this person is proceeded, remembered, and viewed as relevant. |
| individualistic cultures | stress personal goals and achievements over the collective goals and achievments |
| social self | self as emerging from and determined through relationships with outher people |
| looking glass self | assumes people imagine the perception that others hold of them |
| generalized other | the entire social group or community to which we belong |
| Significant others | specific people who influence our life |
| significant symbols | verbal or nonverbal messages that have shared meaning |
| self talk | conversations with yourself |
| self disclosure | the process of intentionally providing others with info about yourself that you believe is honest and unlikely to be discovered elsewhere |
| Johari Window | self dimension and the other dimension |
| open self | what is known to the self and to others |
| blind self | those aspects of yourself that others know but you dont know yourself |
| hidden self | known to you but not to others |
| unknown self | the part of you that neither you nor those around you know |
| language | a verbal symbol that allows us to take messages and utterances, in the form of words, and translate them into meaning |
| symbol | sign or word used to define a person, idea, or object |
| references | thoughts about an object being observed |
| referent | the actual objects people perceive, have a direct relationship with thoughts |
| signifier | another word for symbol |
| signified | another word for referent |
| denotative meaning | refers to the dictionary definition of words |
| connotative meaning | personal associations people make for a symbol |
| PC language | Politically correct language |
| gender as culture hypothesis | the view connecting language and gender |
| different culture thesis | the language that shapes the way boys and girls percieve themselves as they are socialized into a feminine or masculine culture |
| hate speech | 1. has a message of racial inferiority 2.directed against a member of a historiacally oppressed group 3. persecutory, hateful and degrading |
| language community | a group of people who have developed a common set of constructive and regulative rules, which guide the meaning of words and the appropriate reactions |
| Ethnocentric communicators | only recognize their own meanings for words, reject the alternative |
| cosmopolitan communicators | recognize that the meanings they have created for certain words are unique to them and not shared by others |
| culture | refers to the enduring set of beliefs, values, and norms held by a social group |
| indexing | making a statement from using a reference |
| emblem | nonverbal cue that has meaning for a certain cultural group, substitutes for a word, translates into a word or phrase |
| illustrator | nonverbal cue that complements and accents the verbal message. Something you do while you speak |
| nonfluncies | distractors that slip out when you're speaking |
| socioemotional regulator | nonverbal cue that lets others know your feelings |
| chronemics | the intentional and unintentional use of time to communicate |
| artifacts | the objects in the environment that make nonverbal statements about the identity and personality of their owner |
| feng shui | old chinese approach to spacial arrangement and the use of artifacts |
| proxemics | the study of how people move around in and use space to communicate |
| affect blend | people blend two or more of the affect displays into one facial expression |
| micromomentary facial flash | an expression that flashed across the face so quicly that its imperceptible. |
| rate | the speed at which you talk |
| territoriality | describes how people stake out space for themselves |
| public space | extends outward from 12ft and beyond |
| intensity | your volume |
| Mixed message | when a nonverbal cue contradicts a verbal message |
| regulator | nonverbal cue that helps regulate and coordinate communication interations among people |
| spacial arrangement | the way spaces are laid out and relate to one another |
| kinesics | body communication |
| gesture | large and small movements of the hands and arms that communicate meaning |
| affect display | facial expressions |
| personal space | how people distance themselves from one another |
| occlesics | use of eye contact |
| haptics | touch, physical contact between people, form of nonverbal communications |
| pitch | highness or lowness of your voice |
| intimate space | starts are your skin and extends out 18 inches around you |
| social space | extends 4-12 feet, most convos happen here |
| rhetoric | the art of influencing and audience through words |
| sophistry | used to refer to meaningless use of language, using words in a tricky manor |
| Protagoras | the father of debate |
| Isocrates | father of eloquence |
| dialect | a question and answer process used to examine all sides of an issue in search of the truth |
| Plato | philosopher that encouraged dialect |
| Cicero's contribution | a refined process for analyzing issues and developing a speech |
| Quintilian's definition of a good speaker | a good person who spoke well and is ethical |
| rhetoric canons | Invention, Arrangement, Style, Delivery, Memory |
| public speaking | communication from one to many |
| informative and persuasive | the 2 types of speeches covered in most public speaking classes |
| Improptu speech | little or no time to prepare your speech |
| extemporaneous speech | carefully planned ahead of time, have notes or outline |
| manuscripted speech | written out ahead of time, and read word for word |
| memorized speech | most prepared type of speech, speech memorized ahead of time. |
| source | the speaker |
| appeals | the argument |
| reciever | audience |
| components of Persuasive speeches | source, appeals, reciever, setting |
| Persuasive speech | to reinforce, change the audience, move the listeners |
| appeal | subtle techniques speakers use to get the audience to accept their persausive argument |
| appeals | logos, pathos, ethos |
| logos appeal | a logical appeal supported with research |
| pathos appeal | emotional appeals |
| ethos | credibility appeals, beliving someone because they're credible |
| logical fallacies | errors in reasoning and logic that lead the readers to false conclusions |
| fallacies | ad hominem, red herring, slippery slope |
| ad hominem | attacking the person, not the issue |
| red herring | when you divert the audience's attention from the issue, changing the subject |
| slippery slope | speaker implies that on event automatically leads to a series of other undesirable events |
| coersion | not very ethical, negative form of influence that occurs when the speaker persaudes others by using fear or force |
| manipulation | used to control people's actions or reactions |
| ethical persuasions | good! presenting all the facts and persuasive points, audience will hopefully have an open mind |
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