Prentice Hall Science Explorer Inside Earth Chapter 2
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Created by:
1booboo1 on December 13, 2011
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Description:
Vocab
Classes:
Christian Brothers (CBS) 5th Grade 2012-2013
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Focus | The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake |
| Magnitude | The measurement of an earthquakes strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults |
| Liquefaction | The process by which an earthquakes violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud |
| Seismograph | A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through earth. |
| Seismogram | The record of an earthquakes seismic waves produced by a seismograph |
| Epicenter | The point on earths surface directly above an earthquakes focus |
| Friction | The force that opposed the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface |
| Stress | A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| Tsunami | A large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor |
| Aftershock | An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area |
| Types of Stress: | Compression, tension, shearing |
| Compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| Tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions in a sideways movement. |
| Earthquake Measurements | Richter Scale, Moment Magnitude Scale, Mercalli Scale |
| Richter Scale | A scale that rates an earthquakes magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake |
| Mercalli Scale | A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place |
| Types of Faults | Reverse, Normal, and Strike-slip |
| Reverse Faults | A type of fault where the hanging wall slide upward; caused by compression in the crust |
| Normal Fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust. |
| Strike-Slip Fault | A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion |
| Instruments to monitor faults | Tiltmeter, Laser-Ranging Device, and Creep Meter |
| Tiltmeter | measures tilting or raising of the ground |
| Laser-Ranging Device | uses laser beam to detect horizontal fault movement |
| Creep Meter | uses a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground |
| Seismic Waves | P waves, S waves and surface waves |
| P waves | A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
| S waves | A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side |
| Surface waves | A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach earth's surface |
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