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Jews Isrealites who were sent into exile by the Assyrians. They were later able to return to Judea during the reign of Darius Indo-Europeans People originating from Russia. They created many languages and societies as they migrated across Eurasia. Indo-Europeans People who developed the chariot and spread the use of horses. Developers of iron metallurgy. Abraham Leader of the Hebrews who led them to northern Mesopotamia Monotheism Belief in one all-powerful god. Yahweh God of the Isrealites, Hebrews, and Jews Isrealites Hebrews who inhabited Egypt. They later migrated back to Palestine under Moses. Torah A book consisting of religious events and teachings. Followed by the Isrealites. Outlines their beliefs and their moral code. Nebuchadnezzar Founder and king of the second Babylonian empire. Moses Leader of the Isrealites who led them from Egypt and back to Palestine. He was the guiding force of Monotheism (Yahweh) Chaldean empire Name of the second Babylonian empire iron metallurgy Cheap metallurgy that became the primary metal for tools and weapons. Isrealites People who set up twelve small tribes in one nation under a monarchy. Located in Palestine. Epic of Gilgamesh A book written that testifies to the awesome deeds of the king of Uruk. Displays Mesopotamian mythology and culture Assyrians People who developed a large and powerful army that conquered Mesopotamia after the Hittites. They used terror and military to control their empire. bronze metallurgy Metallurgy that mixes copper and tin. It was expensive to make, but sturdy. Hanging Gardens Testament to Babylonian wealth Hanging Gardens Elaborate gardens in Babylon. Built by Nebuchadnezzar to please his wife. Considered on of the Seven Wonders of the World. Hammurabi The king of Babylon who conquered all of Mesopotamia. He created the first set of laws Cuneiform First writing system developed. Used by all the Mesopotamian empires clay The material people wrote on in early Mesopotamia Hammurabi's Code First set of organized laws. They had harsh punishments that led to a stable empire with administration. Hittites Indo-Europeans who inhabited Anatolia. They conquered all of Anatolia and overthrew the Babylonian empire. They discovered and used bronze and iron metallurgy to expand. Hammurabi Emperor who first had set taxes and first to use administrators enforce his rule Assyrians First people to establish a library. Hebrews People who inhabited Mesopotamia and assimilated into society. They were led by Abraham and established a kingdom in Palestine Sargon of Akkad King of Akkad who used his superior military tactics to conquer Mesopotamia. First known emperor. ziggurats Large, stepped pyramids that housed temples to praise Mesopotamian gods city-states Cities that had their own form of government. They first originated in Mesopotamia. Semitic People who spoke tongues of a certain family. Hebrews, Isrealites, and Jews are these people. Sumer Lower half of Mesopotamia. It consisted of city-states that attracted many people. Sumer Land that developed the idea of a monarchy. Many empires originated from this land