BIOL 305 - Final, dicots part 2
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Created by:
EmilyLloyd on December 13, 2011
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Phytolacca americana | Phytolaccaceae --> Phytolacca americana, pokeberry *has a chambered pith (like black walnut) *poisonous (tho young leaves can be cooked and washed to get rid of OXALIC acid) *proliferate after an open by a disturbance is made *have a strong anti-viral mitogen (affecting mitosis) that causes chromosomal damage but might also help with HIV and/or cancer *cause dermatitis (skin inflammation) in some people |
| Cactaceae | cactus *fruits and berrys often edible *pulp of fruit (e.g. prickly pear) cooked when young good for eating |
| Caraphylaceae | chickweed family - complex weedy group |
| Stelaria media | Caraphylaceae --> Stelaria media, chickweed *petals deeply lobed to look like 10, but there are only 5 *both chickweeds (there's also Cerastium vulgatum) are edible |
| Polygonaceae | smartweed family. includes dock, rhubarb, smartweeds, and buckwheat. * Have ochrea, either on stems or with leaves. *3-sided seeds |
| Persicaria (genus) | Polygonaceae --> Persicaria, smartweed/pinkweed *ocrea of tissue at base of branches of stems *pepper spray effect when mowed (toxins dissolve into skin) |
| Rumex | Polygonaceae --> Rumex, dock *orange head of 3-sided seeds |
| Rheum | Polygonaceae --> Rheum, rhubarb *leaves are toxic, but stems are ok. doesn't usually grow wild. |
| fagopyrum | Polygonaceae --> fagopyrum, buckwheat *Has the typical 3-sided seeds *can be made into flour *Grown as a wheat substitute in climates where wheat is less adapated. |
| Malvacaea | mallow family *offset leaf *berries hairy but edible *fruits in panicle sheated by leaf-like bract *most flowers 4-merous *includes hibiscus, basswood, rose of sharon, marsh mallow, cotton (gossipium), okra and Malva neglecta (common garden weed) |
| Tilia americana | Malvacaea --> Tilia americana, basswood. *bark tea for lung ailments *leaf tea for heart damage |
| Hibiscus | Malvacaea --> Hibiscus *5-merous flower (a-typical of Malvaceae) that's funnel-shaped *diversifies easily in areas without competition |
| Hibiscus syriacus | Malvacaea --> Hibiscus syriacus, rose of sharon *again, 5 bracts *similar to okra fruit |
| Althaea officinalis | Malvacaea --> Althaea officinalis, marsh mallow *flowers similar to hibiscus. *high starch content in root. boil roots til soln is thick, sweeten, and drop onto wax paper for marsh mallows |
| Malva neglecta | Malvacaea --> Malva neglecta , common garden weed *highly dependent on disturbance *European step plant |
| Gossipium | Malvacaea --> Gossipium , cotton *American are the best of the varieties *have fruit before they dehisce |
| abelmoschus | Malvacaea --> abelmoschus, okra *fruits are like elongated form of rose of sharon or Marsh Mallow. |
| Violaceae | includes the violet and passion fruit *zygomorphic (like the orchids) *3-valve capsule fruit *cool weather plants |
| Viola papilionacea (sororia) | Violaceae --> Viola papilionacea (sororia), violet *bilaterally symmetric *5 petals and 5 stames, fruit 3-valved capsule *"Cleistogamous flowers"- they're closed during fertilization so they can't self-fertilize. *high in Vitamin C, and leaves can be cooked. but they're emetic too... |
| Passiflora | Violaceae --> Passiflora, passion flower *climbing herbaceous VINES *5 fused stamens *an aphrodisiac *edibel berry |
| Curcurbitaceae | cucumber family. includes cantaloupes, honeydews, pumpkin, mustard (?), watermelons, and some of the gourds (most edible). |
| Ecinocystis lobata | Curcurbitaceae Ecinocystis lobata --> wild cucumber. *veins stay on *moneocious *male and female flowers are ready to be pollinated at different times (males first) |
| Cucurbita pepo | Curcurbitaceae --> Cucurbita pepo is pumpkin *closely related to squash *biggest berry in the world |
| Brassicacaea | mustard/crucifer/cabbage family *4-merous *brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauliflowers, collard green, watercress *seeds bean-shaped (salique appearence) |
| Capsella bursa-pastoris | Brassicacaea --> Capsella bursa-pastoris, shepherd's purse *all edilble, high vitamin C *has a horseradish/mustard taste *high antioxidant qualities |
| Ericaceae | heath/heather family includes laurels, rhododendrons/azelias, Vaccinium angustfolium (low sweet berry), cranberry, sour wood, huckleberry, and indian pipe |
| Kalmia latifolia | Ericaceae -->Kalmia latifolia, laurels *opposite leaves *flowers awn-shaped or cone-ate |
| Rhododendron maximum | Ericaceae -->Rhododendron maximum, rhododendrons/azelias *toxic |
| Vaccinium angustfolium | Ericaceae --> Vaccinium angustfolium *LOW sweet berry, with an inferior (...low....) ovary |
| Vaccinium macrocarpum | Ericaceae -->Vaccinium macrocarpum, cranberry, a starvation food for settlers (until they foudn they're ok withs ugar) |
| Gaylussacia baccata | Ericaceae --> Gaylussacia baccata, huckleberry *star pattern on fruit *10 seeds per fruit |
| Sour wood | Ericaceae --> sour wood, in this family and is a small tree wtih flowers similar to the others |
| Monotropa uniflora | Ericaceae -->Monotropa uniflora, indian PIPE/ice plant *very delicate *nonphotosynthetic (it's white), *parasite of mychorrizal fungus *bacteria extracts *root teas are sedative aginst irritability (...get less irritable by smoking a pipe) |
| Rosaceae | Include blackberries/raspberries, malus (apples, pyrus (pears), prunus (peaches, plums, almonds, and cherries), and cratageus (many hawthorn varieties) *flowers 5-merous, serrate leaf (most always alternate) *none are shade-tolerant *dieoceous |
| Amelanchier lavais | Rosaceae --> Amelanchier lavais, service berry *fruit is pom and size of cherry *branches have short, dashed horz lenticels *early-spring bloomers |
| Physocarpus opulifolus | Rosaceae -->Physocarpus opulifolus, ninebark *Fruits are dehiscent capsules descending from 5-merous flowers |
| Potentila | Rosaceae -->Potentila, cinquefoil *leaves 5 (though in LEAFLETS). looks similar to strawberries *fruits, however, are more straw than berry: not tasty. *flower is 5-petaled |
| Fragaria | Rosaceae -->Fragaria, wild strawberries *tri-leafed *can probably cross with cultiaved strawberries |
| Prunus serotina | Rosaceae -->Prunus serotina *cherries ripen to purple/maroon *Cluster is more grapelike (not like the typical cherry that attaches to the branch in twos, nice and neat) |
| Prunus. pensylvanica | Rosaceae -->Prunus. pensylvanica *retains red color *Flowers are umbels and densely packed. *this (and avium) are never used for timber (less shade tolerant than prunus so don't grow healthy trunks) |
| Prunus virginiana, | Rosaceae -->Prunus virginiana, choke cherry *smaller than pensylvanica |
| Prunus avium, | Rosaceae -->Prunus avium, marble-sized and tasty. (BIRDS probably like them) *pioneers brought them |
| Rosacea, red raspberry | red raspberry tea relaxes cramps and uterine contraction. encourages deliver of after-birth. |
| Rosacea, apple cider vinegar | Rainwater and an apple cider vinegar solution is good for protecting your skin against alkaline hand soap. Also it's a diuretic. |
| Fabaceae | bean family. high nitrogen content b/c they use bacteria/root nodules to fix ntirgoen from air to soil. *consist of a banner/stanard and a keel (or they're the same...think bean) *5-merous flowers, bilaterally concentric *Fruit always a 2-seemed dehiscent legume. |
| Lespideza, bush/japenese clovers | Fabaceae --> this, japenesee clovers *often used as hay forage |
| Trifolium pratense | Fabaceae --> Trifolium pratense, red clover *tea helps asthma *clover leaves when young, but clovers have high cyanide content and livestock ahve been known to get cyanide poisoning from them (so diet must be balanced if your cows eat clover) |
| Vicia | Fabaceae -->Vicia, vetch *trendril at the end of compound leaf. *opposite leaflets |
| Robinia | Fabaceae --> Robinia, locusts (e.g. black locust) *stiuples that turn into spines where leaf is lost *help reforestation as it grows in GROVES and fixes nitrogen *insect pollinated |
| Gleditisa | Fabaceae -->Gleditisa, judas tree *includes REDbud (..like blood) *ID by long extended pods hanging from tree *MASSIVE thorns (protection from megafauna) |
| mimosa | also in Fabaceae. it's an escaped plant that was brought in from Asia |
| Vitaceae | inclues genera parthenocissus and vitus. *leaves are tendrils *woody vines *suction cups or clasping tendrils |
| Vitis riperia | Vitaceae ->Vitis RIPERIA, frost grape *"Riperia" means riverside of stream-edge *teeth on leaves more pronounced than fox grape (v. labrusca) |
| Vitis labrusca | Vitaceae --> this, fox grape *grapes not as good as typical table grapes. *edible after the frost and the tannin content is lower. *teeth on leaves more rounded than vitis riperia (frost grape) |
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