Science Exam
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101 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Social Science, Natural Science, Biology, Botany, Zoology,Ecology, Physical Science, Physics, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Geology | What are the branches of science? |
| Social and Natural | What are the two Main branches of science? |
| Social science | process of experimenting body of knowledge |
| Natural Science | tries to understand how nature or the whole universe behaves |
| Biology | science of living things |
| Botany | the science of plants |
| Zoology | the science of animals |
| Ecology | the science of balance in nature |
| Physical Science | science of matter and energy |
| Physics | forces and energy (branch of physical science) |
| Chemistry | matter and its changes (branch of physical science) |
| Earth Science | the study of forces that affect earth |
| Geology | the science of the physical nature and the history on earth (branch of earth science) |
| scientific method | a series of logical steps in order to solve problems |
| scientific model | a representation of an object or event that can be studied ex: a spring-model of a sound wave ex: models of water molecules |
| scientific theory | a system of ideas that explains observations simply and clearly, enables predictions, and is able to be backed by repeatable experiments |
| scientific law | describes a process in nature that can be tested by repeated experiments or a description |
| qualitative statements | describes with words, something that you have seen many times |
| quantitative statements | scientific laws and theories that can be stated as math equations |
| International System of Units | another name for SI units |
| The French | Who was the metric system developed by? |
| 10 | SI units are based on powers of what? |
| 1 decimal place | what is the precision of a thermometer? |
| hundredth of a centimeter (2 decimal places) | What is the precision of the metric ruler in lab? |
| 1 decimal place | What is the precision of the graduated cylinder? |
| 3 decimal places | What is the precision of a four-scale balance? |
| Volume and density | What are the derived units? |
| Length, time, mass, amount of substance, mole, electric current, and luminous intensity | What are the 7 SI base units? |
| the amount of decimal places | What is precision? |
| meters | What is the SI base unit for length? |
| seconds | What is the SI base unit for time? |
| kilogram | What is the SI base unit for mass? |
| Kelvin | What is the SI base unit for temperature? |
| ampere | What is the SI base unit for electric current? |
| candela | What is the SI base unit for luminous intensity? |
| dependent vs. independent | What is the title of the graph? |
| density | a measurement of how much matter is contained in a certain volume of a substance |
| mass | the measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| volume | the measure of the size of a region |
| Weight is how heavy you are and mass is the amount of space you take up. | What is the difference between mass and weight? |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
| molecule | the smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance |
| element | a substance that can't be broken down by chamical means |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms of different elements |
| viscosity | the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow |
| buoyancy | the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| miscible | able to be mixed |
| immiscible | unable to be mixed |
| heterogeneous | substances that are not evenly distrubuted |
| homogeneous | substances that are evenly distributed |
| pure substance | matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties |
| mixture | combination of substances that are not chemically combined |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in change in chemical properties |
| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| physical properties | shape, color, odor, density, and texture (examples) |
| chemical properties | change in odor, change in color,reactivity, and fizzing (examples) |
| both chemical and pysical properties | What properties are changed when atoms rearrange to form new substances? |
| chemical formulas | what formulas represent compounds? |
| molecules | numbers placed in front of a chemical formula show the number of what? |
| solid, liquid, and gas | what are the 3 states of matter? |
| plasma | what is the 4th state of matter? |
| fluids | a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other (liquid or gas) |
| The law of conservation of mass | What states that mass can't be created or destroyed? |
| the law of conservation of energy | what states that energy can't be created or destroyed? |
| ions | what are electrically charged atoms called? |
| s,p,d,and f | what are the 4 orbitals? |
| electrons | ions have a different # of what? |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that contain the same # of protons, but diff # of neutrons |
| photon | a unit or quantum of light |
| melting | solid to liquid |
| evaporation | liquid to gas |
| sublimation | solids to gases |
| condensation | gas to liquid |
| freezing | liquid to solid |
| energy is absorbed | when the temperature gets higher and it gets hotter.... |
| energy is released | when the temperature gets lower and it gets colder...... |
| plasma | state of matter that doesn't have a definite shape or volume and particles are ionized |
| solid | definite shape and volume, has the strongest attractive forces, particles vibrate in a fixed position, tightly packed particles with an ordered arrangement |
| liquid | change shape not volume, have a definite volume, not shape, particles slide past each other but stay close together |
| gas | change shape and volume,weakest attractive forces, particles move at higher speeds than other 2 states |
| the kinetic theory | matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles always in motion according to... |
| protons and electrons | the atomic # is also the... |
| valence electrons | what determines the chemical properties of an atom? |
| electron | the exact location of what can be determined? |
| electron | which subabtomic particle is the smallest? |
| photons | energy is released as what from an excited state to ground state? |
| mass # - atomic # | how do you get the # of neutrons in an isotope? |
| protons | in the nucleus, +1 charge |
| neutrons | 0 charge, in the nucleus |
| electrons | -1 charge, outside the nucleus, has the smallest mass |
| energy level | region where there is a high probability of finding an electron |
| 2 electrons | all orbitals can hold... |
| 2 | 1st energy level can hold how many electrons? |
| 8 | 2nd energy level can hold how many electrons? |
| 18 | 3rd energy level can hold how many electrons? |
| 32 | 4th energy level can hold how many electrons? |
| independent variable | variable changed in the experiment |
| dependent variable | what is being tested or measured |
| control group | group that received nothing |
| constant | controlled variables or things that were all the same |
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