Unit 10 Russia Test Review
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Created by:
candrews123 on December 14, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Three broad zones with different climates and resources helped shape early Russian life. The northern forests supplied lumber for building and fuel. Fur-bearing animals attracted hunters, but poor soil and a cold, snowy climate hindered farming. Farmers did settle in a band of fertile land farther south. This second region, which today includes the country of Ukraine, was home to Russia's first civilization. A third region, the southern steppe, is an open, treeless grassland. It offered splendid pasture for the herds and horses of nomadic peoples. With no natural barriers, the steppe was a great highway along which streams of nomads migrated. From Asia, they spread into Europe, settling and conquering new territory.. |  Explain how geography affected Russian settlement and growth? |
| Russia's rivers linked them with the Byzantine Empire shaping cultural and religious development | Describe how the migrations of different people influenced the rise of Russia. |
| Trade first brought Kiev into the Byzantine orbit. In the 800s, Kiev gained strength under Vladimir and his son, Yaroslav the Wise. Both won military victories and spread Christianity. Yaroslav set up close ties between church and state. Russian rulers, like the Byzantine emperor, eventually controlled the Church, making it dependent on them for support. The Russian Orthodox Church became a pillar of state power | Explain why Kiev become an important city? |
| ...Golden Horde ruled Russia for more than 150 years. Areas that were not directly controlled by the Mongols suffered destructive raids from Mongol armies. they tolerated the Russian Orthodox Church, which grew more powerful during this period. The Mongol conquest also brought peace to the huge swath of land between China and Eastern Europe, and Russian merchants benefited from new trade routes across this region. | Describe Mongol rule of Russia. |
| Ivan III built the framework for absolute rule. He tried to limit the power of the boyars, or great landowning nobles. After he married a niece of the last Byzantine emperor, Ivan adopted Byzantine court rituals to emphasize Russia's role as the heir to Byzantine power. Ivan IV, grandson of Ivan the Great, became the first Russian ruler officially crowned tsar. He further centralized royal power by limiting the privileges of the old boyar families and granting land to nobles in exchange for military or other service. At a time when the manor system was fading in Western Europe, Ivan IV introduced new laws that tied Russian serfs to the land. | Describe how Ivan III and Ivan IV established authoritarian power. |
| Russians adopted Orthodox Christianity and aspects of Byzantine culture,such as art, music, and architecture. Byzantine domes evolved into the onion-shaped domes typical of Russian churches. | Explain the importance of the Byzantine influence on Russia. |
| ...the absolute power of the Mongols served as a model for later Russian rulers, Russian merchants benefited from new trade routes across the Mongol Region | Describe how Mongol rule influenced Russia's economy and political structure. |
| ...the absolute power of the Mongols served as a model for later Russian rulers. Russian princes developed a strong desire to centralize their own power without interference from nobles, the clergy, or wealthy merchants. | Explain the way absolute rule developed in Russia? |
| ...Punishment: Peter had no mercy for any who resisted the new order. When elite palace guards revolted, he had more than 1,000 of the rebels tortured and executed. Then, as an example of his power, he left their rotting corpses outside the palace walls for months. Rewards: Peter knew that nobles would serve the state only if their own interests were protected. Therefore, he passed laws ensuring that nobles retained control over their lands, including the serfs on those lands. | Explain the way Peter the Great used rewards and punishments to solidify his control over the nobles. |
| On this land won from Sweden, Peter built a magnificent new capital city, St. Petersburg. Seeking to open a "window on the West," he located the city on the Baltic coast along the swampy shores of the Neva River. He forced tens of thousands of serfs to drain the swamps. Many thousands died, but Peter's plan for the city succeeded. He then invited Italian architects and artisans to design great palaces in Western style. Peter even planned the city's parks and boulevards himself. Just as Versailles became a monument to French absolutism, St. Petersburg became a great symbol of Peter's effort to forge a modern Russia. | Explain the impact Peter's defeat of Sweden had on Russia's expansion. |
| ...He wanted to strengthen the military, expand Russian borders, and centralize royal power | Identify the three goals of Peter the Great, and at least one step he took to achieve each goal. |
| ...Russian seaports, located along the Arctic Ocean, were frozen over during the winter. To increase Russia's ability to trade with the West, Peter desperately wanted a warm-water port—one that would be free of ice all year round. | Explain why Peter the Great made obtaining a warm-water port a priority. |
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