1.
Carbon Copies: The cloned individual would not act like the natural individual. They would have different attitudes because they were raised in different environments, experiences.
2.
cloning: The creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two.
3.
Compare and contrast natural reproduction and cloning: In both it occurs just after fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. The difference is that in cloning it occurs in a Petri dish instead of a mother's body. In nature the zygote tries to divide into a two-celled embryo. The cells separate. But in artificial, the embryo has to be separated manually.
4.
differentiated cells: cells that have specialized characteristics
5.
DNA fingerprinting: An individuals unique sequence of DNA base pairs, determined by exposing a sample of the person's DNA to molecular probes. DNA fingerprints can be used as evidence in criminal law cases and the determination of biological mother or father.
6.
In what ways is DNA fingerprinting like actual fingerprinting and in what ways is it different?: Finger printing is the record of someones finger print, and DNA fingerprint is a test to identify and evaluate the genetic information, called DNA, of a person's cells. Both DNA fingerprint and fingerprint have unique characteristics.
7.
Instant Clones: The cloned person is a cloned embryo, not a full-grown individual. The embryo would need to pass through fertilization, just like the natural embryo.
8.
process of cloning called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer.: IT uses different approach than artificial embryo twinning, but it produces the same result: an exact clone, or genetic copy, of an individual.
9.
process of DNA fingerprinting: Investigators use chemicals to cut the long strands of DNA into much smaller segments. Each segment has a specific length. The chemicals cut the segments at the beginning and at the end of the repeating string of nucleotides. They use a process called gel electrophoresis to separate these repeating segments according to length. THen they introduce a small set of radioactive "markers" to the sample. These markers are segments of DNA of known length, with bases that complement the code of, and bind to, sample segments of the same length. Photographic film, which darkens when exposed to the radioactive markers, identifies the location of all marked sample segments. The final step is a relatively simple matter of mining up the sample profiles side by side and comparing them for the presence or absence of segments with particular lengths.
10.
process using stems cells that could be used to cure sickle cell anemia in humans.: First, doctors isolate cells from a patient with a genetic disorder and create induced pluripotent stem cells. Next, the defective gene is replaced with a functional copy. At the end, the cells are differentiated into the proper cell type and put back into the patient.
11.
regenerative medicine: is a new field that aims to use stem cells to repair damaged tissue that can't heal itself.
12.
stem cells: unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells
13.
What does our body use normal (or somatic) stem cells for?: Somatic cells can give rise to a just few cell types. They have being found in many tissues, including brain, blood, blood vessels, muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, and liver.
