| Term | Definition |
|---|
| atom | are the basic particles of matter-they aare the smallest units of matter |
| buffer | are compounds that stabilize pH by either removing or replacing hydrogen ions. They are responsible for keeping pH in the body fluilds between 7.35 & 7.45 |
| carbohydrates | is a organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a ratio near 1:2:1. they include sugar & starches that make up about half of the U.S diet. |
| covalent bond | sharing one pair of electrons |
| decomposition reaction | breaks a molecule into smaller fragments. These reaction occur during digestion, when food molecules are broken into smaller pieces. |
| electrolytes | inorganic compounds whose ions can conduct an electrical current. Alterations in the concentrations of these ions in the body fluid will disturb almost every vital function |
| electron | are light and have a negative electrical charge. All atoms contain this and normally in equal numbers. |
| elements | all matter is composed of this. They cannot be charged or broken down into simpler substances, weather by chemical processes, heating, or other ordinary methods. |
| enzyme | a special molecule used to speed up the reactions that support life. They belong to a class of substances called catalysts-compounds that accelerate chemical reactions without themselves beng permanently changed. |
| ion | an atom or molecule bearing a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain of an electron |
| isotyope | atom of a given element can differ in terms of the number of neutrons in the nucleus. The absense of neutrons generally has no effect on the chemical properties of a atom of a particular element. They can be identified only by their mass number. |
| lipid | FAT, contain carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen. But because they have relatively less oxygen than carbohydrates,the ratio is not the same. They also, may contain other elements including, phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur. They are insoluble in water. They include fats, oils, & waxes. |
| metabolism | refers to all chemical reactions in the body |
| molecule | a chemical structure that contains two or more atoms that are held together by a chemical bonds. |
| neutron | are neutral, uncharged |
| nucleic acid | are large organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & phosphrus. They store and process informationat the molecular level inside the cells. There are two classes- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) & ribonucleic acid (RNA). They determine inherited characteristics. |
| protein | are the most abundant organic componets of the human body. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen, smaller quantities of sulfur, & phosphorus may alson be prensent. |
| protron | have a postive charge and is similiar in mass and size to a neutron |
| cations | ions with a positive charge |
| anions | ions with a negative charge |
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