English Mythology exam 1
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Created by:
AbbySowell on December 14, 2011
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284 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 King of winds? | Aeolus |
| Zeus and Mnomosyne were the parents of ___ muses? | 9 |
| word, based on sea god, means "capable of assuming different shapes" | protean |
| Hera's favorite city | Argos |
| to what extent do we see priests in Greek mythology? | rarely |
| Which is not a Greek name followed by Roman name for same god/goddess? | Minerva...Athena |
| who preceded the "12 Great Olympians"? | the titans |
| greatest of the Elder gods? | Cronus |
| ___ was ruled by Hades | the underworld |
| Zeus was the ___. | supreme ruler |
| Poseidon was the god of ___. | the sea |
| goddess of discord | Eris |
| the point of view ushered in by the Greeks | humanism |
| name someone who was not a muse | Aglaia |
| name someone who was not an Elder god | Zeus |
| "the most Greek of all the gods" | Apollo |
| who wrote "have sight of proteus rising from the sea; or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn"? | William Wordsworth |
| Who was not a Latin writer? | Homer |
| "The nymphs of the wood land were all lovely maiden forms, the ___, nymphs of the mountains, and the ___, sometimes called ___, nymphs of the trees...." | Oreads....Dryads....Hamadryads |
| "corn" is the European term for? | grain |
| Pallas Athena's favorite city? | Athens |
| Apollo's tree | laurel |
| Persephone was the wife of | Hades |
| goddess of the rainbow | Iris |
| "He was a kindly-peace loving god, popular on earth as in heaven" | Hephaestus |
| According to Edith Hamilton, ___ is the stock character, "jealous wife." | Hera |
| the closing days of the Trojan war were described in the | Iliad |
| earliest form of Greek literature | Iliad |
| Hamilton says that Greek mythology ___. | has very little to do with religion |
| not related to roman mythology | Ares |
| Romans loved Mars more than Greeks loved Ares, means what? | Romans loved war more Greeks did |
| Pluto was this gods roman name | Hades |
| protector of marriage | Hera |
| This Trojan fell in love with Helen | Paris |
| The three great Greek tragedians were ___, ___, ___, while the great writer of comedy was ___. | Aesychylus, Euripides, Sophocles, Aristophanes |
| first historian of Europe | Herodotus |
| ferried "the souls of the dead" across the River Styx | Charon |
| two witches in Greek mythology | Circe and Medea |
| the greatest lyric poet of Greece who wrote Odes in honor the victors in the games at great national festivals. | Pindar |
| Janus was originally ___. | one of the Numina |
| epithet for Zeus | cloud gatherer |
| Hades' ___ made whoever wore it invisible | cap |
| had enchanting voices and their singing lured sailors to their death in the Odyssey. | sirens |
| Pan was a ___. | satyr |
| Zeus's oracle | Delphi |
| Apollo's oracle | Delphi |
| Pegasus was said to have a stable at ___. | Corinth |
| Home of Hercules | Thebes |
| "Nothing is clearer than the fact that primitive man, whether in New Guiana today or eons ago in the prehistoric wilderness, is not and never has been a creature who peoples his world with bright fancies and lovely visions." | quote |
| "what the myths show is how high they had risen above the ancient filth and fierceness by the time we have any knowledge of them." | quote |
| "men were striving to express themselves with clarity and beauty, an indisputable proof of civilization. The tales of Greek mythology do not throw any clear light upon what early mankind was like. They do throw an abundance of light upon what early Greeks were like" | quote |
| this tries to express the new birth of the world with the awakening of Greece | the Greek miracle |
| "Old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new." | St. Paul New Testament |
| mankind became the center of the universe | humanism |
| made gods in their own image | Greeks |
| until then, gods had had no semblance of | reality |
| Saint Paul said the invisible must be understood by the visible. This was not a Hebrew idea, it was ___. | Greek |
| "The sculptor watched the athletes contending in the games and he felt that nothing he could imagine would be as beautiful as those strong young bodies. So he made his statue of Apollo. the storyteller of Hermes among the people he passed in the street. He saw the god 'like a young man at the age when youth is loveliest'" | quote |
| All the art and all the thought of Greece centered in ___. | human beings |
| On earth, too, the ___ were exceedingly and humanly attractive. | dieties |
| a humanized world, men freed from the paralyzing fear of an omnipotent Unknown | miracle of Greek mythology |
| The exact spot where Aphrodite was born of the foam could be visited by ancient tourist, it was just offshore from the island of ___. | Cythera |
| has no place in classical mythology | terrifying irrational |
| so powerful in the world before and after Greece, is almost nonexistant | magic |
| There are ___ men and only ___ women with dreadful, supernatural powers. | 0, 2 |
| completely absent from classical Greece. There are many stories about the stars, but not a trace of the idea that they influence men's lives | astrology |
| what the Greek mind finally made out of the stars | astronomy |
| In the ___ when a priest and a poet fall on their knees before Odysseus, praying him to spare their lives, the hero kills the priest without a thought, but saves the poet. | Odyssey |
| were entrancingly beautiful with a human beauty, and nothing humanly beautiful is really terrifying | the whole divine company |
| "The gods-becoming-human were for a long time a very slight improvement upon their worshipers. They were incomparably lovelier; but they often acted in a way no decent man or woman should." | quote |
| A very limited sense of ___ and ___ prevailed in Homer's heaven, and for a long time after. | right, wrong |
| goat-men | satyrs |
| half man, half horse | centaurs |
| Of course the mythical monster is present in any number of shapes, "Gorgons and hydras and chimaeras dire," but they are there only to give the hero his ___. | meed of glory |
| a real myth has nothing to do with ___. It is an explanation of something in ___. | religion, nature |
| early science, the result of men's first trying to explain what they saw around them | myths |
| a peasant living in a poor man's world, knew that the poor must have a just god | Hesiod |
| Latin poet that told almost all the stories and he told them at great length. They were sheer nonsense to him. " I prate ancient poets' monstrous lies, Ne'er seen or now or then by human eyes." | Ovid |
| a poor farmer whose life was hard and bitter. first man in Greece to wonder how everything had happened, the world, the sky, the gods, mankind, and to think out an explanation. | Hesiod |
| tries to show men how to live a good life in a harsh world | Works and Days |
| an account of the creation of the universe and the generations of the gods | Theogany |
| poems written to honor various gods, 33 in all | Homeric Hymns |
| greatest lyric poet of Greece; he wrote Odes in honor of the victors in the games at the great national festivals of Greece | Pindar |
| oldest of the 3 tragic poets | Aeschylus |
| 3 tragic poets | Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides |
| great writer of comedy | Aristophanes |
| first historian of Europe | Herodotus |
| 4 Alexandrian poets | Apollonius of Rhodes, Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus |
| author of the first guidebook ever | the Greek Pausanias |
| of the Roman writers, ___ stands far ahead. | Virgil |
| wrote Aenead/Aeneid | Virgil |
| Uranus/Ouranos | Heaven |
| Gaea/Gaia | Earth |
| the Greeks believed that the universe created the ___. | gods |
| the first parents | heaven and earth |
| heaven and earth's children | titans |
| heaven and earth's grandchildren; titans children | gods |
| Elder gods | Titans |
| most important elder god | Cronus |
| Zeus dethroned him | Cronus |
| a time of perfect peace and happiness | golden age |
| Titan; the river that was supposed to encircle the earth | Ocean |
| titan; Ocean's wife | Tethys |
| titan; father of the sun, moon, and dawn | Hyperion |
| titan; means memory | Mnemosyne |
| titan; bore the world on his shoulders | Atlas |
| titan; savior of mankind | Prometheus |
| the gods home | Olympus |
| the entrance to Olympus was a great gate of clouds kept by the ___. | Seasons |
| the gods feasted on | ambrosia and nectar |
| Jupiter | Zeus |
| Zeus's brothers | Poseidon and Hades |
| supreme ruler, Lord of the sky, Rain-god, Cloud-gatherer | Zeus |
| his power was greater that that of all the other divinities together. Nevertheless he was not omnipotent or omniscient. He could be opposed but not decieved. | Zeus |
| Zeus's breastplate | aegis |
| who's head was on the aegis | Medusa |
| Zeus's bird | eagle |
| Zeus's tree | oak |
| Juno | Hera |
| Zeus's wife and sister | Hera |
| protector of marriage; married women were her particular care | Hera |
| Hera hated the Trojan ___. | Paris |
| animals that were sacred to Hera | cow and peacock |
| Hera's favorite city | Argos |
| Neptune | Poseidon |
| ruler of the sea | Poseidon |
| Zeus's brother; second only to him in eminence | Poseidon |
| Poseidon's wife | Amphitrite |
| granddaughter of the Titan, Ocean | Amphitrite |
| gave the first horse to man | Poseidon |
| "Earth-Shaker" | Poseidon |
| always shown carrying his trident | Poseidon |
| Pluto | Hades |
| underworld and ruler over the dead, God of Wealth, King of the Dead | Hades |
| made whoever wore it invisible | Hades cap |
| rare that he left his dark realm to visit Olympus; he was not a welcome visitor | Hades |
| Hades wife | Persephone |
| Minerva | Pallas Athena |
| daughter of Zeus alone. No mother bore her. Full-grown and in full armor, she sprang from his head. | Athena |
| fierce and ruthless battle-goddess, Goddess of the City, protector of civilized life, of handicrafts, and agriculture, inventor of the bridle, first tamed horses for men | Athena |
| Zeus's favorite child | Athena |
| was asked to carry the aegis | Athena |
| "gray-eyed" | Athena |
| Athena's temple | Parthenon |
| in poetry she is the embodiment of wisdom, reason, purity. | Athena |
| Athena's favorite city | Athens |
| Athena's tree | olive |
| Athena's bird | owl |
| Apollo's parents | Zeus and Leto |
| where was Apollo born? | Delos |
| master musician, plays on his golden lyre, Archer-god, God of Light, God of Truth, no false words will ever fall from his lips | Apollo |
| means "brilliant" or "shining" | Phoebus |
| Sun-god | Helios |
| Apollo's tree | laurel |
| Diana | Artemis |
| Apollo's twin sister | Artemis |
| one of the three maiden goddesses of Olympus | Artemis |
| maiden goddesses | Aphrodite, Hestia, Athena, Artemis |
| Lady of Wild Things, Huntsman-in-chief to the gods, she was the moon, Called Phoebe and Selene, goddess of witchcraft | Artemis |
| Artemis's tree | cypress |
| Artemis's animal | all wild animals but especially deer |
| Venus | Aphrodite |
| the goddess of love and beauty | Aphrodite |
| sprung from the foam of the sea; sea birth took place near Cythera, from where she was wafted to Cyprus | Aphrodite |
| "The breath of the west wind bore her Over the sounding sea, Up from the delicate foam, To wave-ringed Cyprus, her isle. And the Hours golden-wreathed Welcomed her joyously. They clad her in Raiment immortal. And brought her to the gods. Wonder seized them all as they saw Violet-crowned Cythera." | Aphrodite |
| Aphrodite's husband | Hephaestus |
| the lame and ugly god of the forge | Hephaestus |
| Aphrodite's tree | myrtle |
| Aphrodite's bird | dove |
| Mercury | Hermes |
| Hermes parents | Zeus and Maia |
| daughter of Atlas | Maia |
| feet were winged sandals | Hermes |
| Hermes magic wand | Caduceus |
| Zeus's messenger, shrewdest and most cunning, Master Thief, God of Commerce and the Market, protector of traders, guide of the dead | Hermes |
| won Apollo's forgiveness by presenting him with the lyre which he had just invented | Hermes |
| appears oftener in the tales of mythology than any other god | Hermes |
| Mars | Ares |
| God of War | Ares |
| Ares parents; both who detested him | Zeus and Hera |
| Ares sister | Eris |
| Eris means | discord |
| Eris's son | Strife |
| figures little in mythology | Ares |
| had no cities were he was worshiped | Ares |
| Ares came from | Thrace |
| home of a rude, fierce people in the northeast of Greece | Thrace |
| Ares bird | vulture |
| Ares animal; it was wronged by being chosen as his animal | dog |
| Vulcan and Mulciber | Hephaestus |
| God of Fire | Hephaestus |
| son of Zeus and Hera, sometimes of Hera alone (bore him in retaliation for Zeus's having brought forth Athena) | Hephaestus |
| he was only ugly. He was lame as well. In one place in the Iliad he says that his shameless mother, when she saw that he was born deformed, cast him out of heaven; in another place he declares that Zeus did this, angry with him for trying to defend Hera. | Hephaestus |
| Hephaestus's wife | Aphrodite |
| Vesta | Hestia |
| Zeus's sister | Hestia |
| one of the 3 virgin goddesses | Hestia |
| Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the home, around which the newborn child must be carried before it could be received into the family. Every meal began and ended with a offering to her. Each city too had a public hearth sacred to her, where the fire was never allowed to go out. | Hestia |
| In Rome Hestia's fire was cared for by 6 virgin priestesses, called ___. | Vestals |
| most important of the Lesser gods | Eros |
| Cupid | Eros |
| god of love | Eros |
| Aphrodite's son | Eros |
| often represented as blindfolded, because love is often blind | Eros |
| Goddess of Youth | Hebe |
| Hercules's wife | Hebe |
| 3 Graces | Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia |
| daughters of Zeus and Eurynome | graces |
| a child of the Titan, Ocean | Eurynome |
| no banquet without them would please | graces |
| how many muses were there? | 9 |
| daughter of Zeus and Mnumosyne | muses |
| 9 muses | Clio, Urania, Melpomene, Thalia, Terpsichore, Calliope, Erato, Polyhymnia, Euterpe |
| righteous anger | Nemesis |
| Titan; Lord of the River Ocean, great river encircling the earth | Ocean |
| Ocean's wife | Tethys |
| nymphs of River Ocean; daughters of Ocean and Tethys | Oceanids |
| father of Nereus | Pontus |
| Old man of the sea | Nereus |
| Nereus's 50 lovely daughters; nymphs of the Sea | Nereids |
| Nereid; mother of Achilles | Thetis |
| Nereid; Poseidon's wife | Amphitrite |
| trumpeter of the sea | Triton |
| son of Poseidon and Amphitrite | Triton |
| power both of foretelling the future and of changing his shape at will | Proteus |
| water nymphs that dwelt in brooks and springs and fountains | Naiads |
| two divisions of the underworld | Tartarus and Erebus |
| the underworld was ruled by | Hades and Persephone |
| deeper of the two underworlds; prison of the Sons of Earth | Tartarus |
| where the dead pass as soon as they die | Erebus |
| the river of woe | Acheron |
| the river of lamentation | Cocytus |
| 3 headed, dragon tailed dog | Cereberus |
| 3 judges | Rhasamanthus, Minos, and Aeacus |
| pass sentence and send the wicked to everlasting torment as the good to a blessedness called the Elysian Fields | judges |
| the river of Fire | Phlegethon |
| the river of unbreakable oath by which the gods swear | Styx |
| river of forgetfulness | Lethe |
| 3; punish evildoers | Erinyes |
| 3 Erinyes | Tisiphone, Megaera, and Alecto |
| All-Mother, but she was not really a divinity | Earth |
| goddess of the corn | Demeter |
| daughter of Cronus and Rhea | Demeter |
| God of the Vine | Dionysus |
| Bacchus | Dionysus |
| Herme's son | Pan |
| goatherd's god, and the shepherd's god | Pan |
| city Pan loved the most | Arcady |
| wonderful musician; played pipes of reed | Pan |
| always in love with one nymph or another | Pan |
| "Panic" | Pan |
| sometimes said to be Pan's son; sometimes his brother, son of Hermes | Silenus |
| jovial fat old man who usually rode an ass because he was too drunk to walk | Silenus |
| famous and very popular pair of brothers | Caster and Pollux |
| one brother that was mortal | Castor |
| one brother that was immortal | Pollux |
| sons of Leda | Castor and Pollux |
| special protectors of sailors | Castor and Pollux |
| wife of king Tyndareus of Sparta | Leda |
| the two mortal children Leda bore to Tyndareus | Castor and Clytemnestra |
| Agamamnon's wife | Clytemnestra |
| visited Leda in the form of a swan | Zeus |
| the two immortal children Leda bore to Tyndareus | Pollux and Helen |
| heroine of Troy | Helen |
| part man and part horse; walked on two legs; there are no stories about them, but they are often seen on Greek Vases | Sileni |
| goat men | Satyrs |
| north wind | Boreas |
| west wind | Zephyr |
| south wind | Notus |
| east wind | Eurus |
| most famous centaur | Chiron |
| three of them; two of them were immortal; dragonlike creatures with wings, whose look turned men to stone | Gorgons |
| 3 gray sisters who had but one gray between them | graiae |
| had enchanting voices and their voices lured sailors to their death | Sirens |
| 3 Fates | Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos |
| means Powers or the Wills- the Will-Powers | Numina |
| most prominent and revered of all the Numina were | Lares and Penates |
| every family had one; the spirit of an ancestor | Lar |
| gods of the hearth and guardians of the storehouse | Penates |
| originally one of the Numina | Saturn |
| "In memory of the Golden Age, when he (Zeus) reigned in Italy, the great feast of the ___ was held every year during the winter. The idea of it was that the Golden Age returned to the earth during the days it lasted. No war could then be declared; slaves and masters ate at the same table; executions were postponed; it was a season for giving presents; it kept alive in men's minds the idea of equality, of a time when all were on the same level." | Saturnalia |
| originally one of the Numina, "the god of good beginnings," which are sure to result in good endings | Janus |
| Zeus's grandson; sort of Roman Pan, Rustic god | Faunus |
| Roman Satyr's | Fauns |
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