1.
"minie ball": new kind of bullet that was more accurate and had a longer range
2.
"the prayer of twenty millions": horace greeley letter to lincoln about abolishing slavery sooner than later
3.
13th amendment: june 1864. lincoln urged it. made war about slavery
4.
african american soldiers in the union army: mostly manual labor. minimal fighting.
5.
anaconda plan: plan to surround the confederates by blocking ports and the mississippi river
6.
Appomattox court house: 1865. lees surrender.
7.
battle of antitetam: response to davis's southern offense . september 1862. mcclellan failed to chase after the retreating confederates
8.
battle of Chancellorsville: 1863. lee and stonewall jackson split forces. caught union off guard. friendly fire kills stonewall jackson
9.
battle of Gettysburg: july 4, 1863. lee thought he could go through union forces but unions won. showed north would win.
10.
battle of shiloh: tennessee. union: grant. confederates caught unions by surprise. confederate general sidney johnston killed and union reinforcements caused a draw. bloody battle showed how the war would be.
11.
battle of Vicksburg: july 1863. last confederate city on mississippi. grant found ways to the city. lee and johnston gave up on vicksburg
12.
battles at glorieta pass: unions in colorado and new mexico blocked confederate invasion and kept control of these areas
13.
battles of elkhorn tavern, arkansas, honey springs, arkansas: confederates did not have control in the west anymore of the ties to indians. union wins
14.
Charles Brewster: raised union volunteers
15.
clara barton, dorothea dix, and mary ann bickerdyke: nurses that progressed the field of nursing
16.
clemet l vallandigham: peace democrat. blamed lincoln. charged with treason.ohio
17.
confederate bureaucracy: controlled the economy and tax collection. grew to be larger than the north's
18.
confederate conscription law: april 1862 draft.
19.
confederate nationalism: confederacy created a society. legacy of american revolution
20.
confederate tax-in-kind: tax paid in farm products. caused suspension of habeas corpus
21.
confiscation acts: august 1861 and july 1862. confiscate confederacy property, slaves
22.
davis's emancipation plan: 1865. any slave who fights for the confederacy is freed along with their family.
23.
desertions from the confederacy army: mid 1862. people deserted to help their families.
24.
development of heavy industry in the north: caused immense wealth in the north. introduction of machines caused more men to be able to fight.
25.
emancipation of proclimation: september 22, 1862.
26.
establishment of a national banking system: unified state banks. controlled money. harder to counterfeit. greenbacks
27.
general robert e lee: after joseph johnston. mexican war.
28.
george mcclellan: Lincoln fired 1863. indecisive could have won at the battle of antitetam but did not follow escaping confederates. hired after battle of the bull run
29.
gran's tennessee campaign: captured posts guarding cumberland and tennessee rivers. caused the battle of shiloh
30.
homestead act of 1862: cheap land to those who settled out west
31.
inequities in the confederate draft: rich could buy their way out of the draft
32.
Janie Smith: north carolina. house turned into a hospital. helped the injured soldiers
33.
jay cooke: union who helped raise funds for the war
34.
john wilkes booth: april 14, 1865
35.
josiah gorgas: increased industrialization in the south.
36.
lincolns use of presidential power: set precedents of wartime president. suspended habeas corpus to maintain control of border states.
37.
long walk: 1864 navajos moved to bosque redondo reservation
38.
mcclellans' peninsula campaign: took by sea and after fair oaks battle they were close to confederate capital
39.
mechanization of northern agriculture: mechanical reaper caused more effective agriculture.
40.
morrill land grant act: 1862. congress gave states land to sell or use for further education in agriculture, military science, and engineering.
41.
new york city draft riots: 1863.
42.
northern diplomatic strategy: 1864. success because confederacy not recognized by outside countries
43.
northern labor activism: prices rose and wages could not accommodate. many strikes broke out
44.
peace democrats: blamed lincoln. 1862. influence in new york and illinois, and indiana. fought for peace.
45.
president jefferson davis's southern offensive: davis ordered lee to invade maryland and kentucky.
46.
presidential election of 1864: Lincoln vs Mcclellagh. union victories ensured lincoln's win. democrats appealed to white supremacy.
47.
radicals: passed confiscation acts worked to emancipate slavery.
48.
sand creek massacre: 1865 indians retaliated americans who were destroying their towns
49.
sherman's southern campaign: 1864 sherman marches through the south using scorched earth to the sea
50.
southern food riots: 1863. women wanted the men back to tend the farms and grow food for the starving families.
51.
southern peace movements: 1863. southerners did not want to starve anymore so they wanted the war to end to get food growing.
52.
the alabama: confederate ship that sunk 60 us ships
53.
the first battle of bull run: july 21 1861. first battle. confederate win. Virginia. caused union soldiers to retreat and protect washington dc. showed how bad the war would be.
union: irvin McDowell
confederate: pgt beauregard and jackson stonewall
54.
the seven day's battle: lee attacked mcclellan but could not finish the union off as they retreated. chickahominy river
55.
the trent affair: 1861 stopped two confederate british ambassadors. james mason and john slidell
56.
twenty-slave law: anyone owning twenty or more slaves did not have to fight
57.
ulysses s grant: 1862 saw the importance of ports. helped the union win the war
58.
union naval campaign: 1861. mcclellans plan to block confederate ports. captured hilton head and had success.
59.
union pacific and central pacific railroads: changed to a single rail size. transported supplies and passengers.
60.
united states sanitary commission: 1861. helped with sanitization for the soldiers. most volunteers were women.
61.
walt whitman: poet and volunteer nurse in dc. wrote poems about common soldiers.
