AP Psychology Unit 6
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Created by:
Aws0m3n355 on December 14, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
Psychology (Seventh edition)
by David G. Myers
Chapter 7
States of Consciousness
Classes:
High School Courses, AP Psychology 2011 - 2012
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| Biological Rhythms | periodic physiological fluctuations |
| Circadian Rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle |
| REM Sleep | rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. |
| Alpha Waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
| Sleep | periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation |
| Hallucinations | a false sensory perception that seems to be real but for which there is not an actual external stimulus |
| Delta Waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
| Insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times |
| Sleep Apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings |
| Night Terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered |
| Dream | a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep |
| Manifest Content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream |
| Latent Content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream |
| REM Rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) |
| Hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur |
| Post Hypnotic Amnesia | supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis, induced by the hypnotist's suggestion. |
| Post Hypnotic Suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized, used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. |
| Dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. |
| Hidden Observer | Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis |
| Psychoactive Drug | a drug that can produce mood changes and distorted perceptions |
| Tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect |
| Withdrawl | the discomfort and distress following the discontinuation of the use of an addictive drug |
| Physical Dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued |
| Psychological Dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions |
| Depressants | drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions (ex. alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) |
| Stimulants | drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
| hallucinogens | psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input |
| barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment |
| Opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
| Amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes |
| Ecstasy | A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
| LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid |
| THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations |
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