Final Exam Chapter 4
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hearing | An automatic, involuntary process in which sound waves stimulate nerve impulses to the brain |
| Discriminative listening | Phase of listening in which we detect sounds of spoken communication |
| comprehensive listening | Phase of listening in which we focus on, understand, and interpret spoken messages |
| empathic listening | Phase of listening in which we suspend judgment, allow speakers to be heard, and try to see things from their points of view |
| appreciative listening | Phase of listening in which we enjoy the beauty of messages, responding to such factors as the simplicity, balance, and the eloquence of language |
| critical listening | listening with careful analysis and evaluation of message content |
| constructive listening | Search for the value that messages may have for your life, despite their defects |
| receiver apprehension | Fear of misinterpreting, inadequately processing and/or not being able to adjust psychologically to messages sent by others |
| trigger words | Words that arouse such powerful feelings that they interfere with the ability to listen critically and constructively |
| filtering | listening to only part of a message, the part the listener wants to hear |
| assimilation | The tendency of listeners to interpret the positions of a speaker with whom they agree as closer to their own views than they actually are |
| contrast effect | Seeing positions different than yours as being more distant than they actually are |
| facts | Information that can be verified by observation or expert testimony |
| inferences | Assumptions based on incomplete information |
| opinions | Expressions of personal attitude or belief offered without supporting material |
| demagogues | Political speakers who try to inflame feelings without regard to the accuracy or adequacy of their claims in order to promote their own agendas |
| critique | An evaluation of a speech that emphasizes strengths as well as weaknesses and that focuses on how a speaker might improve |
| universal listener | Listening as though you represent all who might be affected by a message |
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