Elements & Principals of Art & Design - Photography
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 line | the path of a point moving through space. it is a facile element of the visual vocabulary. it is used to define and describe and varies greatly for expressive communication. it is often the first element called into play in the creative process. |
| shape | a closed two dimensional figure described or delineated by a line or edge. it is also a distinct visual unit that is separated from the ground on which it is seen. the spaces of areas surrounding these shapes, and best seen when defined by a border, are called negative shapes. |
| Geometric shape | typically formed by using a compass or ruler. their edges are straight or perfectly curved. they can be reproduced by measurement |
| organic shapes | typically found in nature. they tend to be irregularly formed and although they may sometimes be similar to geometric shapes they are never perfectly so. |
| space | the boundless expanse within which all things are contained; the environment that contains the other elements. the area occupied by shapes is called positive space and the area in-between is called negative space |
| motion | symbolizes vitality and energy and captures the attention of the viewer and is closely related to the principal of Rhythm. IOM leads the eye within composition. |
| pattern | a regularly repeated motif forms a distinct rhythm. it is an orderly recurrence of motif grouped and repeated in regular progression |
| texture | the surface of any object natural or manufactured. it often reveals what the object is made of. two main aspects - tactile and visual. has distinct surface variations reflecting light in a way that conveys tactile impressions |
| tactile | sensing that occurs through physical touch |
| visual | keyed to the way that a material reflects or absorbs light |
| simulated texture | rendered to look realist |
| actual texture | the use of real materials |
| invented texture | created using the media |
| values | contrasts, the relative lightness or darkness of areas in a design as compared to black & white. the lightness or darkness of color. |
| color | white light divided into the spectrum. color has three properties |
| hue | the specific name of a color in it's purest form. (red, yellow, blue, green) |
| value | it's relative lightness and darkness |
| intensity | the relative brightness or dullness of color |
| Unity/Variety | repetition creates unity, contrasts creates variety |
| simple repetition | like shapes and intervals |
| inversion repetition | position of the unit reversed or turned upside down |
| alternation repetition | repetition of two different elements such as circle/rectangle, light/dark, big/small |
| irregular recurrence | motif reappears at unexpected intervals or varying points |
| radiation repetition | units fan out from a central point. symmetrical or asymmetrical |
| balance | the feeling of equilibrium within a composition and relating to the pull of gravity |
| formal/symmetrical balance | mirror image, one half of design is exactly the same as the other |
| informal/asymmetrical balance | visual weight is equal but not identical creating a dynamic energy |
| emphasis | creation of visual importance through the use of selective stress. an area separated from it's surroundings to enhance attraction or interest through the judicious use of contrasts. without emphasis, the contrast that differentiates elements cannot be perceived. |
| rhythm | the visual connection between similar elements created by repetition and placement within a composition. |
| proportion/scale | relative size relationships within an image or object, or between a group of like images through variation, progressions, and internal groupings of the elements or objects involved |
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