Epidemiology Test 3
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The infectious agent of Influenza is associated with: | Widespread epidemics and pandemics. |
| The incubation period of Influenza is: | 1-3 days. |
| The period of communicability for Influenza: | 3-5 days from clinical onset. |
| Treatment for Meningococcal Meningitis includes: | Penicillin. |
| Period of communicability for Meningococcal Meningitis: | Meningococci usually disappear from the nasopharynx within 24 hours after treatment. |
| A patient who has been diagnosed with Scarlet Fever will have a tongue that feels like: | Sandpaper. |
| Most Streptococcal diseases are caused by this agent: | Streptococcus pyogenes, group A. (Greater than 80 serologically distinct groups). |
| Tuberculosis is diagnosed via: | Reaction to PPD-S and clinical signs/symptoms. |
| Used to treat Tuberculosis: | INH, Rifampin, Pyraziminamide, Ethambutol or Steptomycin. |
| Incubation period for Tuberculosis: | 2-10 weeks. (HIV increases risk of infection and shortens incubation period). |
| Signs/symptoms of Diphtheria: | Marked by a patch or patches of an adherent grayish membrane with surrounding inflammation. |
| Methods of control for Diphtheria include: | Education, active immunization. (Preventive measures). Reporting to local health authority, disinfection of soiled articles. (Control of patient). |
| Rubella (German Measles) is diagnosed via: | Confirmation of four-fold rise in specific antibody titer by ELISA. |
| Concerning the period of communicability for German Measles: | Patients are highly communicable 1 week before and at least 4 days after onset of rash. |
| Complications of Rubeola include: | Otitis media, pneumonia, laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), diarrhea, and encephalitis. |
| Concerning the occurence of Rubeola: | Measles is one of the most highly communicable infectious diseases, and a herd immunity of greater than 94% may be needed to interrupt transmission. |
| Pnemococcal Pneumonia is caused by this agent: | Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). |
| Treatment for Pnemococcal Pneumonia includes: | Vancomycin or chloramphenicol. |
| Concerning the signs/symptoms of Legionellosis: | Pontiac fever is not associated with pneumonia or death- patient's recover spontaneously in 2-5 days without treatment. |
| Legionellosis is transmitted via: | Airborne route. |
| Incubation period for Legionellosis: | 5-6 days. |
| Incubation period for the common cold: | 48 hours. |
| Methods of control for the common cold include: | Public education on personal hygiene, avoidance of crowded living spaces. |
| A four drug therapy is used to treat Tuberculosis when: | There is INH resistance. |
| Signs/symtpoms of Ciguatera fish poisoning include: | Vomiting, hypotension, and pain/weakness in the lower extremities. |
| Concerning Ciguatera fish poisoning, small fish eat algae (source of toxin) which are in turn eaten by: | Larger fish. |
| Measures taken to prevent risks concerning contaminated cooking materials include: | Avoidance of using acidic foods in galvanized cooking materials. |
| Methemo-globinema, which is especially dangerous to children, is caused by: | Nitrates greater than 45 PPM. |
| Signs/symptoms of Botulism include: | Acute cranial nerve impairment, descending weakness or paralysis, blurred or double vision, and dry mouth. |
| Treatment for Botulism includes: | Intravenous administration as soon as possible of 1 vial of polyvalent (AB or ABE) botulinum antitoxin, which is available from CDC Atlanta. |
| Campylobacter enteritis is caused by this agent: | Campylobacter jejuni. |
| Campylobacter jejuni utilizes this reservoir: | Raw poultry, cattle, puppies/kittens. |
| Range/Average incubation period for Campylobacter jejuni: | 1-10 days/2-5 days. |
| Concerning susceptibility and resistance to Campylobacter jejuni: | Immunity to serologically related strains follows infection. |
| Almost all outbreaks of Clostridium Perfringens foodborne intoxication are related to: | Inadequately heated meats, stews, meat pies, and gravies. |
| Average incubation period for Clostridium Perfringens: | 10-12 hours. |
| Staphylococcus intoxication is transmitted via: | Associated conditions of infected cuts, boils, acne, and URI. |
| Method of control for Staphylococcus intoxication: | Keep hot food above 140 degrees fahrenheit and cold food below 41 degrees fahrenheit. |
| Signs/symptoms of Salmonellosis include: | Fever. |
| Incidence rates of Salmonellosis are higher in this age group: | Small children. (Hand to mouth). |
| Salmonellosis is transmitted via: | Raw milk, meat, and poultry. |
| Incubation period range for Salmonellosis: | 6-72 hours. |
| Shigellosis is transmitted via: | Direct or indirect fecal-oral route from a patient or a carrier. |
| Average incubation period for Shigellosis: | 1-3 days. |
| Signs/symptoms of Typhoid fever include: | Sustained fever, bradycardia, rose spots on the trunk of 25% of white patients. |
| Typhoid fever is caused by this agent: | Salmonella typhi. |
| Signs/symptoms of Cholera include: | Acute bacterial enteric disease with sudden onset of clear diarrhea with flakes of mucus, rice water stools, occasional vomiting, and rapid dehydration. |
| Serogroup 01 includes 2 biotypes: | Classic and El Tor. |
| Signs/symptoms of Vibrio Parahemolyticus Enteritis include: | A dysentery-like illness with bloody or mucoid stools, high-fever and WBC count. |
| The infectious agent which causes Vibrio Parahemolyticus Enteritis during colder seasons utilizes this reservoir: | Marine silt. |
| Concerning the signs/symptoms of E. coli: | This self-limiting illness lasts 8 days average. |
| Illnesses caused by E. coli are diagnosed via: | Culture using MacConkey-sorbitol media. |
| E. coli illnesses are treated with: | Fluid/electrolyte replacement. (Antibiotic therapy is uncertain). |
| E. coli utilizes this reservoir: | Cattle and humans. |
| Period of communicability for E. coli in adults/children: | One week/three weeks. |
| Signs/symptoms of the common cold include: | Coryza, lacrimation, and irritated nasopharynx. |
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