LSimpson - 7th Grade Biology Midterm
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LSimpson1022 on December 15, 2011
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| Lysosome | the organelle that digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders |
| Cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Ribosome | makes proteins |
| Nucleolus | structure inside the nucleus, where ribosomes are made |
| Golgi Apparatus/Body | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | No ribosomes, makes lipids |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | has ribosomes associated with it and transports proteins |
| Nuclear Membrane | controls what goes in and out of the nucleus |
| Cell Wall | protects the plant cell and maintains its shape |
| Chloroplasts | an organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| Vacuole | stores water and nutrients for the cell; very large in plant cells |
| Stages of Mitosis | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (which includes Cytokesis) |
| Interphase | First stage of mitosis, during which a cell grows, matures, and copies its DNA and duplicates centrosome |
| Prophase | Second stage of mitosis - chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus |
| Metaphase | Third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| Anaphase | Fourth phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles |
| Telophase | Final stage of mitosis during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and they unwind |
| Cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm during cell division |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis. |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food |
| Cellular Respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| Hypertonic | Solute concentration is higher outside of the cell, so the cell loses water and shrinks |
| Hypotonic | Solute concentration is lower outside of the cell, so the cell takes on water |
| Isotonic | Solute concentration is the same on the outside and inside of the cell |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water molecules through a membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration |
| Diffusion | Molecules moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration |
| Ecosystem | a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment |
| Adaptations | traits that improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce |
| Metabolism | Allow the chemical reactions taking place inside an organism |
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| Organization | Degree of internal and external order in organisms |
| Homeostasis | Intaining a stable environment |
| DNA | Deoxyribonuckeic acid |
| Growth | Increase in size + development |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell |
| Organelle | Small parts of a cell carrying on different jobs |
| Multicellular | Composed of many cells |
| Compare/Contrast Animal and Plant Cells | Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, a rectangular, large vacuole |
| Microtubules | tiny tubes that make up most of a cell's cytoskeleton |
| Chemicals that sustain life | Amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipeds |
| Cell structure | Organization of a cell |
| Senses | Any of the animal functions of hearing, sight, smell, touch, and taste |
| Inference | A fact (true statement) based on your observations |
| Stimulus | A change that causes a reaction |
| Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction using sperm and egg |
| Redi | Study that life must come from life. Wo came up with leads to cell theory |
| Robert Hooke | Found the first cell and named them |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction using budding or fusion |
| Five necessities of a living organism | Food, water, shelter, air, sunlight |
| Evolution | Characteristics in a population changing over time |
| Lipids are also known as | Fats |
| Organism | Any living thing |
| Inheritance | Genetics or traits passed done from parents |
| Observation | Information collected using your sense (taste, touch, smell, hearing, sight) |
| 3 parts of the cell theory | 1. All living thing a made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells come from cells |
| 5 characteristics of life | 1. Reproduction 2. Response to environment 3. Obtains and uses energy 4. Cell Organization 5. Grows and Develops |
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