Civics Today Unit 4
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labigail14 on December 15, 2011
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Review the vocabulary for Unit 4 in "Civics Today"!
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 federal system | the sharing of power between the central and state governments |
| reserved powers | powers specifically reserved for the states |
| concurrent powers | powers shared by the state and national governments |
| grants-in-aid | money awarded for the states to help them pay for their programs |
| unicameral | one-part legislature |
| bicameral | two-part legislature |
| census | population count |
| apportioned | divided into districts |
| malapportionment | unequal representation |
| line-item veto | to veto only a specific part of a bill |
| commute | reduce a sentence |
| parole | an early release from prison |
| justice of the peace | judge in a local court |
| misdemeanors | less serious crimes |
| magistrate courts | courts that handle minor cases |
| civil cases | when a person or group takes legal action against another person or group |
| plaintiff | the person filing a lawsuit |
| defendants | people being sued |
| felonies | more serious crimes |
| incorporate | to receive a state charter, officially recognizing the government of a locality |
| city charter | a document granting power to a local government |
| home rule | allows cities to write their own charters, choose their own government type and manage their own affairs |
| ordinance | city law |
| strong-mayor system | where the mayor has strong executive powers |
| weak-mayor system | when the mayor's executive powers are limited |
| at-large elections | the way most city council members are elected |
| special district | a unit of government dealing with a specific function |
| metropolitan area | central city with the surrounding suburbs |
| suburbs | communities near or around larger cities |
| county | normally the largest territorial and political subdivision of a state |
| county seat | the town where the county courthouse is located |
| town | political unit larger than a village but smaller than a city |
| town meetings | meetings in which citizens make important decisions |
| townships | smaller than towns, but have similar governments |
| village | the smallest unit of local government |
| policies | set rules or guidelines they must follow when making decisions |
| public policy | the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem |
| planning commission | an advisory group with many different members |
| short-term plan | a policy meant to be carried out in the next few years |
| long-term plan | a policy meant to serve as a guide for many years to come |
| infrastructure | systems of roads, bridges, water and sewers |
| priorities | the most urgent goals |
| resources | money, people and materials available |
| master plan | a plan that sets goals and explains how they will be carried out |
| charter schools | schools receiving state funding, but are excused from meeting many public school regulations |
| tuition vouchers | program providing subsidies for education payments, allowing families the option of sending children to private schools |
| community policing | local police force visibly keeping the peace and patrolling neighborhoods |
| welfare | the health, prosperity and happiness of community members |
| environmentalism | protecting the environment |
| solid waste | garbage |
| landfills | where garbage is dumped |
| NIMBY | a saying meaning "not in my backyard" |
| toxic | poisonous |
| recycling | making new materials from old ones |
| conservation | preserving and protecting our natural resources |
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