NL 3-Glossary E; A-M

6 Written Questions

1. rock that forms when magma cools and hardens
   below the Earth's surface or lava cools and
   hardens after a volcano erupts
2. the thickest layer of Earth; lies between the crust
   and the outer core
3. the study of the Earth's structure, the
   elements found in each layer, and how the
   Earth's surface has changed over time
4. the location on the Earth's surface directly
   above the focus of an earthquake
5. the thin, outermost layer of the Earth's surface
6. the smallest particles of rock

6 Multiple Choice Questions

1. completely decayed organic matter found in
   most soils; decomposed plant and animal
   matter
   1. focus
   2. igneous
   3. crust
   4. humus
2. a large crack within Earth along which sections
   of rock move past one another
   1. fault
   2. magma
   3. crust
   4. mantle
3. the remains of plants and animals that are
   preserved in sedimentary rock
   1. fossils
   2. focus
   3. erosion
   4. fault
4. the movement of tectonic plates toward one
   another, resulting in one plate pushing under
   the other
   1. geology
   2. fossils
   3. collide
   4. clay
5. a scientist who studies the Earth's structure,
   composition, and history, or that of other
   planets and moons
   1. geology
   2. collide
   3. geologist
   4. erosion
6. a solid sphere of iron and nickel located at the
   center of Earth; the innermost layer of Earth
   1. igneous
   2. mantle
   3. inner core
   4. geology

6 True/False Questions

1. earthquake → the sudden movement of a fault; usually caused
   by the motion of tectonic plates colliding,
   separating, or sliding

   True        False

2. focus → completely decayed organic matter found in
   most soils; decomposed plant and animal
   matter

   True        False

3. erosion → the remains of plants and animals that are
   preserved in sedimentary rock

   True        False

4. lava → melted rock below the Earth's surface

   True        False

5. metamorphic → any rock changed to a new rock by heat and
   pressure without melting

   True        False

6. magma → describes magma that reaches the Earth's surface

   True        False