Unit 12 Voc.
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austinhamm4587 on December 15, 2011
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic Compounds | compounds that contain carbon |
| Hydrocarbons | organic molecules that are composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
| Isomers | compounds with the same formula but different structure |
| Structural Formulas | chemical formulas that show the arrangement of atoms in molecules and polyatomic ions |
| Condensed Structural Formula | structural molecular formula showing the general arrangement of atoms but without showing all the covalent bonds |
| Geometric Isomers | Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms. |
| Cis Isomer | an isomer of an alkene in which the hydrogen atoms in the double bond are on the same side |
| Trans Isomer | substituents other than hydrogen on opposite side of double bond |
| Friedrich Wohler | 1828 synthesized urea (organic) from ammonium cyanate (inorganic) |
| Saturated Hydrocarbons | A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds. |
| Unsaturated Hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds |
| Alkanes | a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds |
| Cycloalkanes | Saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms joined in a ring |
| Alkenes | Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds |
| Alkynes | a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond. |
| Aromatic Hydrocarbons | hydrocarbons that contain similar ring structures |
| Benzene | a colorless liquid hydrocarbon |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| Alkyl Groups | any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons |
| Methane or Natural Gas | colorless, odorless, flammable gas present in natural gas and formed by the decomposition of plant matter, CH₄, often produced as a waste product in treatment of sewage |
| Petroleum | a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons |
| Fractional Distillation | fractionation of a liquid by distillation |
| Functional Group | group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules |
| Alcohols | organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups |
| Alkyl Halides or Halogenated Hydrocarbons | compounds formed from an alkyl group and a halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine); hydrocarbons with one or more hydrogens replaced with chlorine or fluorine • Non-miscible with and generally more dense than water |
| Ethers | R-O-R |
| Esters | an organic compound containg the -COOR group, where R represents any stable arrangement of bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| Aldehydes | cause cross-linking that inactivates proteins and nucleic acids |
| Ketones | Fragments formed by the tissues during incomplete use of fat for energy, and released into the blood. |
| Amines | organic compounds with an amino group |
| Carboxylic Acids | compounds with carboxyl groups |
| Polymers | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
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