Chapter 17: Africa and the Middle East
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 decolonization | the withdrawal of colonial powers from their colonies and areas of influence |
| Kwame Nkrumah | became the leader of the Gold Coast nationalist movement and established the Convention People's Party (CPP) |
| Jomo Kenyatta | leader of Kenya's nationalist movement' argued for the Kikuyu's right to the land and its importance |
| Mau Mau | violent movement by Kikuyu farmers to rid Kenya of white farmers and gain land back |
| Afrikaners | descendants of the original Dutch settlers |
| institute | to originate and establish |
| African National Congress | group of blacks in S Africa; formed in 1990s; held peaceful protests against apartheid and petitioned the government |
| Nelson Mandela | helped end apartheid and became the first black president of South Africa |
| Sharpeville Massacre | when police fired on demonstrators in Sharpeville' turning point in the anti-apartheid movement |
| one-party system | a single political party controls the government and elections are rarely competitive |
| patronage | giving their loyal followers well-paying positions in the government |
| Mobutu Sese Seko | dictator of the Congo |
| infrastructure | public works, such as buildings and roads, that are needed to support a population |
| desertification | the spread of desertlike conditions |
| Negritude movement | African and Afro-Caribbean literary movement that rejected European models and promoted African pride and cultures |
| Wole Soyinka | spent time in jail for opposing Nigerian government through writings |
| David Ben-Gurion | Israeli statesmen; founded the Histadrut labor organization and was head of the Mapai Labor party from 1930-1965 |
| valid | correct or justified |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | Egyptian army officer, political leader, and first president of the republic of Egypt; helped lead a coup that forced King Faruq to abdicate |
| Baghdad Pact | US-led alliance against communism in the Middle East |
| Pan-Arabism | Arab unity |
| Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | became shah of Iran in 1941 |
| Golda Meir | Israeli politician; she was prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur war and sought assistance from US |
| Anwar Sadat | Egyptian soldier and statesmen who launched Yom Kippur War against Israel |
| Camp David Accords | treaty; Sadat and Begin reached an agreement; ended 30 years of hostility between Egypt and Israel |
| intifada | rebellion caused by Palestinian resentment of Israeli occupation |
| Yasser Arafat | participated in the Oslo accords |
| Yitzkah Rabin | participated in the Oslo Accords |
| Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | a shia religious leader |
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