Chapter 5: Greece and Iran (1000 B.C.E. - 30 B.C.E.)
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hoplites | heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation |
| Pelopponesian Wars | a conflict initiated due to hostilities between former city-state allies that resulted in the eventual defeat of Athens by Sparta and its allies |
| Persepolis | statesman who dominated Athenian politics from 461 B.C.E. until his death; he led Athens to its greatest heights of success |
| trireme | an Athenian war ship |
| Hellenistic Age | the epoch ushered in by the conquests of Alexander; influenced Greek culture |
| Socrates | Athenian philosopher brought to trial for his teachings that were believed to undermine the Athenian democracy |
| Persian Wars | a conflict initiated by an uprising of the Ionian Greek colonists that lasted on and off for two centuries and was of profound importance in the eastern Mediterranean |
| polis | consisted of an urban center and the rural hinterlands that it controlled; usually translated as "city-state" |
| sacrifice | central ritual of the Greek religion |
| tyrant | a person who seized and held power in violation of the normal political institutions and traditions of the community; most prevalent in Greek city-states during the mid-seventh and sixth-centuries B.C.E. |
| Cyrus | Persian leader; united Persian tribes and overthrew the Median monarchy |
| satrap | governors put in place by Darius to supervise the twenty provinces of the Persian Empire |
| Darius I | Persian king who seized power following the death of Cambyses; eventually extended Persian control to the Indus River in the east, and into Europe in the west |
| Persepolis | ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire |
| Zoroastrianism | monotheistic religion, hymns or Gathas written in archaic Iranian dialect; practiced by Darius I and his successors |
| democracy | the excersise of political power by all the free, adult males; this originated in Athens |
| Alexander the Great | son of King Philip of Macedon; conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt, and the lands east as far as the Indus River |
| Ptolemies | dynasty that ruled Egypt following the death of Alexander and actively encouraged Greek immigration to Egypt |
| Alexandria | the greatest city of all during an age of cities; famous for its library and lighthouse |
| Herodotus | chronicler of the exploits of the Greeks and other events of his time; considered the "father of history" |
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