World History Sem 1 Test
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83 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hammurabi's Code of Laws | first written code of laws |
| Fertile Crescent | a geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates |
| Mummification | embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy |
| Rosetta Stone | Stone that contained carved messages in hieroglyphics, Greek and demotic. Led to deciphering of hieroglyphics. |
| Agriculture Revolution | The time when human begins first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. |
| Papyrus | ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant |
| Cuneiform | groups of wedges and lines used to write several languages of the Fertile Crescent |
| Pharaoh | the title of the ancient Egyptian kings |
| Ramses | great pharaoh, built may self-serving monuments |
| King Tut | A young king whose tomb was filled with jewelry, robes, burial masks, and ivory statues. These findings have helped people learn about Egypt's past |
| Anthropologist | scientist who studies the physical characteristics and cultures of humans and their ancestors |
| Hieroglyphics | an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds |
| Hominids | early humans and other humanlike creatures |
| Archaeologist | a scientist who examines objects to learn about the human past |
| Polytheism | belief in multiple Gods |
| Ziggurat | a pyramid shaped temple tower |
| Characteristics of a Civilization | 1. Cities 2. Central governments and law codes 3. Writing and record-keeping 4. Specialized jobs Social classes Complex technologies Highly organized religions |
| 5 geography themes connected to history | Location, Place, Human Interaction, Movement, Region |
| Domesticate | to tame animals and plants for human use |
| Irrigation | Supplying land with water through a network of canals |
| Metallurgy | the science and technology of metals |
| CIvilization | a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations) |
| Barter | exchange goods without involving money |
| Terra Cotta Army | A group over 8000 clay soldiers with weapons, wagons, etc. built on Emperor Qin's order to guard his tomb in the afterlife. |
| Great Wall of China | A huge wall that is over 6000 miles, which was built to keep the Mongolians in the north out of China. |
| Reincarnation | a second or new birth |
| Caste System | a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity |
| Loess | a fertile deposit of windblown soil |
| Monsoon | rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains |
| Sericulture | the production of raw silk by raising silkworms |
| Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source |
| Siddhartha Gautama | "The Buddha" or the enlightened one |
| Buddhism | Founded by Buddha; Eightfold Path |
| Hinduism | One of world's most complex religion; Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva; reincarnation |
| Monarchy | state ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen |
| Oligarchy | a system of government in which a small group holds power |
| Polis | A city-state in ancient Greece |
| Democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them |
| Tyrant | a ruler or person who has complete power and uses it in cruel or unjust ways |
| Acropolis | a large hill in ancient Greece where city residents sought shelter and safety in times of war and met to discuss community affairs |
| Illiad and the Odyssey | 2 epics written by Homer, Illiad- last days of Trojan War; Odyssey- long journey home |
| Assimilation | the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure |
| Trojan War | War between Mycenaeans and Trojans, Paris kidnapped Helen, Mycenaeans travel to Troy to rescue; Trojan Horse |
| Sparta | an ancient Greek city famous for military power |
| Athens | Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture. |
| Alexander the Great | Conquered and ruled an empire stretching from Macedonia to the Indus Valley |
| Latins | first settlers of land near Rome |
| Inflation | a general and progressive increase in prices |
| Julius Caesar | Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators and his former friend Brutus who hoped to restore the normal running of the republic. |
| Octavian Caesar | Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son, ruled Rome for 41 years |
| Plebian | an ordinary citizen in the ancient Roman republic |
| Patricians | the wealthy class in Roman society; landowners |
| Hannibal | general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War |
| Gladiators | trained fighters, usually slaves, who fought in arenas as entertainment |
| Reasons for "fall" of Rome/Western Empire | bad leadership, bad economy, fighting |
| Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. |
| Carthage | fought with Rome in the Punic Wars, had the great general Hannibal but was later defeated |
| Triumvirate | a group of three men responsible for public administration or civil authority |
| Edict of Milan | a ruling by Constantine that allowed Christians to openly practice their faith in the Roman empire. |
| Republic | A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting |
| Ides of March | March 15, 44 BC the day Ceasar was murdered |
| Augustus | (63 BCE - 14 CE) First emperor of Rome (27 BCE - 14 CE) He restored order and prosperity to the Empire after nearly a century of turmoil. Grandnephew to Julius Caesar. |
| Emperor Diocletian | Divided the empire into two halves in an attempt to make it easier to manage and defend. |
| Emperor Constantine | founded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire |
| Romulus and Remus | Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus |
| Abdication | giving up control authority |
| Byzantine Empire | Eastern part of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the western part |
| Emperor Justinian | Leader of the Byzantine Empire that helped in its revival of Romans glory and fame. |
| Reasons for collapse of Eastern Empire | Poor economy, bad leaders, fighting |
| Ethnic Groups who settled in Eastern Europe | Slavs, Greeks |
| Balkan Peninsula | a stretch of land that extends southward into the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Roman Catholicism | the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome |
| Varangians | relatives of Vikings, active traders on rivers, and ruled west Slav farmers in Rus |
| Kiev | political center of eastern Slav. It established political and social relations with Byzantine Empire. Later it was overthrown by Mongols. |
| Eastern Orthodox Christianity | A branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire and that did not recognize the pope as its supreme leader. |
| Cyrillic Alphabet | an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages |
| Mongols | dominant nomadic group in central Asia |
| Genghis Khan | known as a brillant organizer but used brutality to terrorize enemies, mongol leader |
| Batu Khan | Ghengis' grandson rular of the mongols, under him they attacked Russia and destroyed Kiev |
| Boyars | Russian nobles |
| Mercenaries | hired soldiers |
| Polish Queen Jadwiga | married Lithuanian Grand Duke, Poland became one of largest kingdoms in Europe |
| Sejm | legislative assembly |
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