Chapter 12 Renaissance
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Renaissance | the great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history |
| Jacob Burckhardt | he revived antiquity. Stressed concepts of individualism, secularism. Credited Italians with the birth of Renaissance. |
| Christina di Pizan | an extraordinary Vernacular writer who was best known for "The Book of the City of Ladies", which was written in the defense of women (1405) |
| Hanseatic League | an economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. (p. 401) |
| House of Medici | the most prominent banking family of the 14th and 15th centuries; expanded wealth and became money exchangers; dominated the politics of Florence until circa 1500 |
| Castiglione's Book of the Courtier | expressed 3 basic attributes of perfect courtier (good fundamental characteristics, should build physique and be educated about arts,expected to follow conduct of modesty; all principles in order to best serve prince) for aristocrats |
| Humanism | a system of thought that focuses on the nature, ideals, and achievements of human beings, rather than on the divine |
| Secularism | a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations |
| Individualism | a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence |
| Patronage | granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support |
| City-State | a city with its own traditions and its own government and laws; both a city and a separate independent state |
| Renaissance Man | a person who is successful when it comes to working and an overall universal (knew how to dance, fight, sing, write poetry, and how to create art, and well educated with the classics, well balanced) |
| Papal States | made up a region in central Italy that was under the control of the pope |
| Isabella d'Este | (1474-1539) "first lady" of the Renaissance, set an example for women to break away from their traditional roles as mere ornaments to their husbands, was a big patron of the arts, founded a school for young women, and wrote over 2000 letters that provided a window into politics and courtly life at that time |
| Machiavelli's The Prince | described how a prince should acquire and keep political power |
| Civic Humanism | humanism with the added belief that one must be an active and contributing member to one's society |
| Petrarch | the man who began the humanism movement and he believed that he was living the start of new era |
| Johannes Gutenburg | credited with inventing the printing press (moveable type) that led to the spreading of ideas faster and to more places |
| Lorenzo the Magnificent | powerful member of the Medici family who ruled Florence for 20 years |
| Botticelli's Primavera | painting set in the graden of Venus; figures are well defined, possess an otherworldly quality; birth of Venus |
| Donetello's David | stood in the courtyard of the Medici Palace |
| Brunelleschi's Dome | a dome in the cathedral in Florence for which the architect had to design new building techniques and machinery to complete |
| High Renaissance | the time between 1400 and 1500 when the Renaissance was at its peak. This was when cultural values were formed, artistic and literary achievements occurred, and Renaissance style was largely defined |
| Leonardo da Vinci | A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and scientist, known for the Mona Lisa |
| Raphael | (1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens |
| Michaelangelo | painter, sculptor, and architect; painiting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome |
| Sistine Chapel's David | a colossal marble statue, exalts the beauty of the human body and is a fitting symbol of the Italian Renaissance's affirmation of human power |
| Northern Renaissance | Cultural and intellectual movement of northern Europe; influenced by earlier Italian Renaissance (centered in France, the Low Countries, England, and Germany; featured greater emphasis on religion than in Italy) |
| Madrigals | musical composition set to a short poem usually about love, written for several voices; common in Renaissance music. |
| New Monarchies | historians' term for the monarchies in France, England, and Spain from 1450 to 1600 (the centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits) |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | was the king and queen of Spain who took over the Catholic Spain and started the Spanish Inquisition |
| Habsburgs | leading family in the Holy Roman Empire, ruled Austria |
| Renaissance Popes | papacy from end of Great Schism to beginning of Reformation; temporal preoccupations overshadowed spiritual duties |
| Nepotism | favoritism shown to family or friends by those in power, especially in business or hiring practices |
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