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social determinants of health are not a natural phenomenon -result of toxic combination of poor social policies and programmes, unfair economic arrangements and bad politics dominance of marketplace and not the government is the problem public problem definition contreversial values are important can be seen in employment security, working conditions. wages and benefits, food and housing insecurity public policies providing adequate income for all would have an impact on a variety of the social determinants of health Health ethicist David Seedhouse says that to achieve health people must be provided with 1) resources to meet the basic needs of food, drink, shelter, warmth and purpose in life 2) access to teh widest possible information about all factors that have an influence on a person's life 3) skills of numeracy and literacy and the confidence to use this information 4) opportunities to be connected with others in their community and to the larger society Mary Shaw and her collegues at the University of Bristol specify that health realted public policy plays its greatest role in assisting people to navigat significant life course transitions during which they are especially vulnerable to health disadvantage these moments include foetal development, nutritional growth and health in childhood, leaving home, entering the labor market, job loss or inseurity and episodes of illness and treatment, among others. two types of risk Universal risks such as teh life transitions identified by Shaw and colleagues Nonuniversal risks such as premature disease, injuries and accidents and family breakups, among others. Professor Gosta Esping - Anderson points out that managing risk during childhood is essential for a society to meet the demands of a post industrial economy. Canada compared to other OECD countries not good -decent in lifexpectancy -terrible in infant mortality 0middle in heart citizen security canada only 16.5% of GDP, ranks 25th on a list of 29 OECD countries income and income distribution -increased markedly since 1980 -together with germany showed the highest growth in inequality -people on low incomes increased -one of the highest poverty rates for families with children -one of teh worst in number of workers considered to be low paid education better in education, slightly worse in primary, secondary but very well in psot secondary unemployment and employment security -unemployment rate above the OECD average -terrible at employment protection index -terrible at active labour policy(public policy that strives to reduce unemployment through employment training and upgrading) employment and working conditions -less collective bargaining in canada early childhood development -canada has one of teh highest child poverty rates -among the worst in meeting early childhood education and care benchmarks -no childcare spaces, Canada spends the lowest on child care food security worse than UK better than US and New Zealand Housing Canada is the only developed nationa that does not have a national housing policy Social exclusion HDI for indiginous people didn't rank that well gender terrible in wage gap, 21% wage gap -in political participation and decision making, economic participation and deceision making and power over economic resources canada ranked 12th outof 24 disability ranks among the lowers in benefits and integration related social safety net 17th among 27 in unemployment benefits -for people who are unable to work, canada;s assitance is 22 out of 27 health care 22nd in percent of health care spending more than france and other countries three broad policies policies to reduce incidence of lower income policies to reduce social exclusion policies to strengthen Canada's social infrastructure