Prentice Hall Biology Chapter 7 Vocabulary
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Created by:
alebel14 on December 17, 2011
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Description:
The vocabulary highlighted in chapter of 7 of the prentice Hall textbook titled Biology
Classes:
osms study, OSMS Studying, Mr. Sanders Biology 1, prentice hall pre-ap biology mr. morgan's class, Honors Biology
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell | the basic units of life |
| cell theory | a fundamental theory stating that all living things are composed of cells, that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| nucleus | a large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| prokaryotes | cells that do NOT contain nuclei |
| organelles | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| chromatin | the granular material you can see in the nucleus |
| chromosomes | distinct threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | a small, dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| ribosomes | small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an internal membrane system which is the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| Golgi apparatus | an organelle whose function is to modify sort and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes to digest or breakdown lipids carbs proteins and other organelles that have outlived their usefulness into small molecules |
| vacuoles | store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemicals stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape |
| centrioles | located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division |
| cell membrane | thin flexible barrier that surrounds the cell |
| cell wall | strong supportive layer around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| concentration | the mass of the solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume |
| diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of solute is the same throughout |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | the process of taking materials into a cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a cell vacuole |
| pinocytosis | a process that many cells take up liquid from the surrounding area |
| exocytosis | the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing contents out of the cell |
| cell specialization | cells throughout organisms that develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a particular functions |
| organ | many groups of tissues that work together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform specified function |
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