| Term | Definition |
|---|
| External Fertilization | Union of sperm and an egg outside the body of the female. |
| Water environment | Where external fertilization usually occurs. |
| Internal Fertilization | Union of sperm and an egg INSIDE the moist reproductive tract of the female. |
| Development | Starts when the zygote undergoes a rapid series of mitotic divisions called cleavage. |
| Cleavage | The rapid series of mitotic divisions in zygote. There is no increase in size of the zygote |
| Bastula | A hollow ball made up of a single layer of cells. It is the result of cleavage. |
| Gastrulation | When one side of the bastula pushes inward (indents). |
| Gastrula | The resulting embryonic stage from gastrulation. |
| Germ Layers | endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm (layers of gastrula) |
| Endoderm | An inner layer of a gastrula. |
| Ectoderm | An outer layer of a gastrula |
| Mesoderm | A layer that forms between the endoderm and the ectoderm |
| Differentiation | When the germ layers undergo changes |
| Differentiation products | various tissues, organs, and organ systems of the developing embryo |
| External Development | Development growth of embryo outside the female's body |
| What ectoderm forms | Nervouse system, skin |
| What mesoderm forms | Muscles; circulatory, skeletal, excretory, and reproductive system |
| What endoderm forms | Lining of digestive and respiratory tracts, liver, pancreas |
| Internal Development | Growth of embryo inside the female's body |
| The eggs of mammals ore very ___ and have little ___ | small, yolk |
| In all mammals, the young are nourished after birth by the ___ from the mother's ___ ___ | milk, mammary glands |
| Most mammals are ___ mammals | placental |
| A Placental mammal's embyro develops in the ___ of the female and recieves food and oxygen and gets rid of waste through the ___. | Uterus, placenta |
| Placenta | A temporary organ that forms within the uterus from embryonic and maternal tissue; |
| Where dissolved materials pass from the mother and the embryo | thorught the blood vessels in the placenta |
| What passes from mother to embryo | food and oxygen |
| What passes from embryo to the mother | wastes |
| The blood of the mother and the embryo ___ ___. | never mix |
| The type of fertilization most birds and reptiles have | internal fertilization and external development |
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