Nutrition
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Created by:
Daviddan10 on December 17, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nutrition | the study of nutrients and how they are used by the body |
| Nutrients | substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repar itself, and to supply you with energy |
| Calorie | amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
| Carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body, a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugar, starches, and fiber. |
| Lipid | a fatty substance that does not disolve in water |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| Vitamins | Essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but that are required for growth and proper functioning of the body. |
| Minerals | substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and regulating many vital body processes |
| Water | a fluid necessary for the life of most animals and plants |
| Indicator | a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base |
| Enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| Autotroph | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| Chemosynthesis | process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
| Heterotroph | organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer |
| metabolism | set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes |
| Ingestion | process of taking in food |
| Digestion | the breaking down of food into nutrients the body can use. the digestive system is a series of body organs that break foods down and absorb their nutrients |
| Mechanical digestion | Type of digestion: The process through which your food is physical broken down into smaller, more manageable pieces. The result is a physical change. |
| Chemical digestion | the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks |
| Intracellular digestion | The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Extracellular digestion | digestion that takes place outside of the cell |
| Absorption | The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood |
| Elimination | The passing of undigested material out of the digestive compartment |
| Incomplete digestive system | a single opening to a pouch-like cavity serves as both mouth and anus |
| Complete digestive system | have a distinct mouth and anus, allows for different compartments and function associated with particular activies that becomes organs associated with digestion |
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