| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Addiction | a chronic but treatable brain disorder in which people lose the ability to control their need for alcohol or other drugs. |
| Starvation | Signal admitted to the brain of an addict with the absence of a drug is equivalent to that of the signal of __________ in a normal person |
| Three or more | A person is dependent if their pattern of substance use leads to impairment or distress shown by _________ symptoms |
| Tolerance | A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect or markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance |
| Withdrawal | The unpleasant symptoms that someone experiences when he or she stops using an addictibe substance or the same or a closely related substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms |
| Preoccupation | A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance or recover from its effects |
| Loss of control | There is a persistent desire + unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use or The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended |
| Continuation despite adverse consequences | Important social, occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use or The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem |
| Abuse | A pattern of substance use that causes someone to experience harmful consequences. Clinicians diagnose ________ if, in a twelve-month period, a person is in one or more of the following situations related to drug use: Failure to meet obligations, Engaging in reckless activities, Encountering legal troubles, Continuing to use despite personal problems |
| Dependence | Tolerance and withdrawal are NOT ENOUGH to diagnose ________ there are other behavioral indicators : unable to stop using once one starts, exceeding self-imposed limits, spending excessive time using. |
| Dopamine | All drugs of abuse affect the ________ pathway in the brain; they deplete __________resources |
| Dopamine neurotransmitter | Job is to produce feelings of pleasure |
| Diabetes | Addiction can be compared to _____ because some patients can be treated, while others are hopeless |
| Genetic influence | having parents with alcoholism, for instance, makes you four times more likely than other children to become alcoholics. More than 60 percent of alcoholics have family histories of alcoholism. |
| Mental illness | Many addicted people also suffer from ________ : especially anxiety + depression |
| Stress, addiction | ________ + _________ produce some of the same changes in brain systems and so they are intimately connected. |
| Coping | People with poor ______ strategies often turn to drugs and alcohol to relieve stress. |
| The mesolimbic dopamine system | Addiction is NOT a willpower issue, it occurs in an area of the brain called __________ that is not under conscious control |
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