| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Osmoregulation | The control of water and solute content in the internal environment of animals (done by movement of water and solute across membranes) |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Osmolarity | Osmotic pressure OR the solute [ ] expressed as molarity (mmol/L) |
| Isoosmotic | two solutions with the same osmolarity |
| Yes :) (like diffusion) | Movement of water is from a hypoosmotic to a hyperosmotic state (In a hypotonic solution the water will flow into the cell to create a [ ] balance) |
| Diffusion | The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient ( High [ ] -> Low [ ] ) |
| Active transport | The movement of a substance (across a membrane) up its concentration gradient ( Low [ ] -> High [ ] ) takes energy |
| Osmoconformer | An animal that is isoosmotic with its environment (internal environment changes with external) eg. A bass in cold water has a low body temp, as the water warms up so does the internal temp of the fish. |
| Osmoregulator | animal that regulates its internal solute and water content independently of the external environment. (relatively constant internal environment) eg. Humans, our body temp stays constant over changes in outside temperature. |
| Stenohaline | Organisms that cannot tolerate huge changes in external osmolarity (almost all animals) |
| Euryhaline | Animals that can tolerate large changes in external osmolarity (Few) |
| Homeostasis | Steady physiological state of the body |
| Hypoosmotic | lower [ ] when comparing solutions |
| Hyperosmotic | higher [ ] when comparing solutions |
| Salt Gland | Marine birds are able to drink salt water because of this (note: blood flow is counter to salt flow in secretory tubule) |
| Exoskeleton, Waxy Cuticle, Fur on camels | Terrestrial Habitat water loss prevention (Hint: 3 answers, 1 on a camel :D ) |
| Stores water in bladder, Hides in crevices, Buries itself | Anuran (Frog) adaptations in arid regions (3 answers) |
| Nitrogenous waste | 1. Ammonia (Aquatic animals) 2. Urea (mammals, most amphibeans, sharks) 3. Uric acid (most reptiles, birds, insects) |
| Excretory Process | Filtration -> Reabsorption -> Secretion -> Excretion |
| Renal Cortex | Outside of Kidney |
| Renal Medulla | Middle of Kidney |
| Renal Pelvis | Inside of Kidney |
| Juxtamedullary and Cortical | Types of nephron in the kidney(First one is long cortex -> medulla, Second one is short in the cortex) |
| Bowman's capsule -> Proximal tubule -> Descending limb -> Ascending limb -> Distal tubule -> Collecting duct | In a nephron the the blood and filtrate flow in opposite directions. What is the pathway that the filtrate follows ( B -> P -> D -> A -> D -> C) first letter of terms |
| Afferent arteriole from renal artery -> Glomerulus -> Efferent arteriole -> Peritubular capillaries -> Vasa recta -> Renal vein | In a nephron the the blood and filtrate flow in opposite directions. What is the pathway that the blood follows ( AARA -> G -> EA -> PC -> V -> R) this one is tricky :P |
| Loop of Henle | Important part of the nephron for water conservation and [ ] gradients (hint counter current multiplier system)(look at picture in notes) |
| Antidieuretic hormone | Hormone that controls salt and water balance by the kidney |
Combine with other sets
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